Parents Shape their Children’s Physical Activity During Unstructured Recess Through Intrinsic Value the Children Possess

Parents beliefs processes has shown to relate to their children’s decisions making. Thus, grounded in the expectancy-value theory, the aim of this study was to examine parents’ role in shaping elementary school students’ beliefs and task values toward students’ school-time physical activity (PA) and their moderate-to-vigorous (MVPA) behavior during unstructured recess. A convenience sample of 115 (Mage = 10.12±1.81) children and their parents/guardians were recruited, and their expectancy-beliefs and attainment, utility, and interest values toward school-time PA were assessed. In addition, children’s MVPA during recess was measured using waist-attached accelerometers. Results showed that parents impacted children’s recess PA in different ways depending on children’s gender. In girls, parents’ beliefs and values transferred directly to the subsequent values of their children, whereas parents’ beliefs were the central predictors of boys’ beliefs and values. Parents’ intrinsic value moderated girls’ MVPA via the intrinsic value of the participants possessed (Z = 1.73, p = .010, 90% CI [.36, 2.93]), whereas parents’ beliefs moderated boys’ intrinsic value – MVPA relationship (Z = .78, p < .001, 90% CI [.39, 1.10]). This study suggests applying gender-specific strategies when trying to understand how beliefs and task values impact PA-related behaviors

Reducing time to discovery : materials and molecular modeling, imaging, informatics, and integration

This work was supported by the KAIST-funded Global Singularity Research Program for 2019 and 2020. J.C.A. acknowledges support from the National Science Foundation under Grant TRIPODS + X:RES-1839234 and the Nano/Human Interfaces Presidential Initiative. S.V.K.’s effort was supported by the U.S. Department of Energy (DOE), Office of Science, Basic Energy Sciences (BES), Materials Sciences and Engineering Division and was performed at the Oak Ridge National Laboratory’s Center for Nanophase Materials Sciences (CNMS), a U.S. Department of Energy, Office of Science User Facility.Multiscale and multimodal imaging of material structures and properties provides solid ground on which materials theory and design can flourish. Recently, KAIST announced 10 flagship research fields, which include KAIST Materials Revolution: Materials and Molecular Modeling, Imaging, Informatics and Integration (M3I3). The M3I3 initiative aims to reduce the time for the discovery, design and development of materials based on elucidating multiscale processing-structure-property relationship and materials hierarchy, which are to be quantified and understood through a combination of machine learning and scientific insights. In this review, we begin by introducing recent progress on related initiatives around the globe, such as the Materials Genome Initiative (U.S.), Materials Informatics (U.S.), the Materials Project (U.S.), the Open Quantum Materials Database (U.S.), Materials Research by Information Integration Initiative (Japan), Novel Materials Discovery (E.U.), the NOMAD repository (E.U.), Materials Scientific Data Sharing Network (China), Vom Materials Zur Innovation (Germany), and Creative Materials Discovery (Korea), and discuss the role of multiscale materials and molecular imaging combined with machine learning in realizing the vision of M3I3. Specifically, microscopies using photons, electrons, and physical probes will be revisited with a focus on the multiscale structural hierarchy, as well as structure-property relationships. Additionally, data mining from the literature combined with machine learning will be shown to be more efficient in finding the future direction of materials structures with improved properties than the classical approach. Examples of materials for applications in energy and information will be reviewed and discussed. A case study on the development of a Ni-Co-Mn cathode materials illustrates M3I3's approach to creating libraries of multiscale structure-property-processing relationships. We end with a future outlook toward recent developments in the field of M3I3.Peer reviewe

Teaching styles in physical education: the effects on physical activity levels of middle school students with different motivation types

Self-determination theory (SDT) has been widely investigated to understand and change an individual's physical activity (PA) behavior in different settings (Deci & Ryan, 1985; 1991; 2000). The first purpose of this study was to examine if physical educators' teaching style influences student needs that affect student motivation, which in turn predict objectively measured student PA and MVPA levels (i.e., a serial mediator model). The second purpose was to explore moderating role of students' gender on those relationships. 313 students from three middle schools in Wisconsin completed Learning Climate Questionnaire modified from Williams and Deci (1996), Psychological Need Scale and Need Frustration Scale adopted from Chen et al. (2015), and Physical Education Questionnaire modified from (Aelterman et al., 2012) in a row to assess perceptions of autonomy-supportive teaching, experience of need satisfaction and need frustration, and motivational outcomes, respectively. Participants' PA and MVPA levels were recorded using a GT3X+ accelerometer (Actigraph, Pensacola, FL) for four consecutive PE lessons. It was found that although there was no gender effect on the relationships of SDT constructs, there was an indirect mediating effects of competence satisfaction and intrinsic motivation between autonomous teaching style and the students' objectively measured PA and MVPA levels. The results showed that PE teachers' autonomous teaching behavior is effective to promote students' objectively measured PA behavior during physical education lessons. Therefore, it is worth paying attention to how to provide autonomous teaching to students efficiently in the PE setting

Teaching styles in physical education: the effects on physical activity levels of middle school students with different motivation types

Self-determination theory (SDT) has been widely investigated to understand and change an individual’s physical activity (PA) behavior in different settings (Deci & Ryan, 1985; 1991; 2000). The first purpose of this study was to examine if physical educators’ teaching style influences student needs that affect student motivation, which in turn predict objectively measured student PA and MVPA levels (i.e., a serial mediator model). The second purpose was to explore moderating role of students’ gender on those relationships. 313 students from three middle schools in Wisconsin completed Learning Climate Questionnaire modified from Williams and Deci (1996), Psychological Need Scale and Need Frustration Scale adopted from Chen et al. (2015), and Physical Education Questionnaire modified from (Aelterman et al., 2012) in a row to assess perceptions of autonomy-supportive teaching, experience of need satisfaction and need frustration, and motivational outcomes, respectively. Participants’ PA and MVPA levels were recorded using a GT3X+ accelerometer (Actigraph, Pensacola, FL) for four consecutive PE lessons. It was found that although there was no gender effect on the relationships of SDT constructs, there was an indirect mediating effects of competence satisfaction and intrinsic motivation between autonomous teaching style and the students’ objectively measured PA and MVPA levels. The results showed that PE teachers’ autonomous teaching behavior is effective to promote students’ objectively measured PA behavior during physical education lessons. Therefore, it is worth paying attention to how to provide autonomous teaching to students efficiently in the PE setting

Platinum nanoparticles supported on mesocellular silica foams as highly efficient catalysts for enantioselective hydrogenation

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Changes in College Students’ Body Mass Index, Physical Activity, and Motivation Before and During the COVID-19 Third-wave Lockdown

Background: It is less known how the constraints placed upon public spaces and social interaction have impacted college students’ motivation to be physically active. Objective: This study examined, first, the changes in college students’ body mass index (BMI), physical activity (PA), and self-determined motivation before and during the COVID-19 third-wave lockdown and, second, the role of moderate-to-vigorous PA (MVPA) and self-determined motivation on BMI during the lockdown. Method: This study was a longitudinal prospective study with two data collection phases. A sample of 104 college students (69 females, 35 males, Mage = 18.19[1.5]) completing both pre- and posttest data turned in self-report data on BMI, PA (vigorous PA - VPA, moderate PA - MPA), MVPA, and self-determined motivation. Results: The results showed a statistically significant increase in participants’ BMI (t[79] = 4.70[2.98], p =.001, d =.11) but no statistically significant changes in PA. The findings demonstrated changes in college students’ integrated regulation (↓; t[78]= -3.20[.16], p =.002, d =.35), identified regulation (↓; t[76] = -4.07[.16], p .001, d =.52), extrinsic regulation (↑; t[78] = 2.28[1.80], p =.025, d =.02), and amotivation (↑; t[78] = 4.42[1.21], p .001, d =.48). Finally, neither PA nor self-determined motivation played a role in BMI, but the previous MVPA and BMI did. Conclusion: This study suggests that COVID-19 had a negative impact on self-determined motivation decreasing adaptive and increasing maladaptive motivation. However, neither MVPA nor self-determined motivation played a role in BMI during the COVID-19 lockdown. Instead, pre-COVID BMI (large effect) and MVPA (small effect) determined students’ BMI during the lockdown

A 6.4Gbps On-Chip Eye Opening Monitor Circuit for Signal Integrity Analysis of High Speed Channel

In this paper, an on-chip eye opening monitor circuit has been proposed with 4ps time and 4mv voltage resolutions for analyzing signal integrity of on-chip high speed channel. The proposed eye opening monitor circuit can detect the maximum 6.4Gbps data rate and give eye diagrams depending on on-chip high speed channel conditions. The performance of the proposed eye opening monitor circuit was verified by using a general spice simulations and showed the variations of eye diagram of 6.4 Gbps random data when on-die terminations of on-chip high speed channel was changed from 50 ohm to 80 ohm

Reducing time to discovery:materials and molecular modeling, imaging, informatics, and integration

Multiscale and multimodal imaging of material structures and properties provides solid ground on which materials theory and design can flourish. Recently, KAIST announced 10 flagship research fields, which include KAIST Materials Revolution: Materials and Molecular Modeling, Imaging, Informatics and Integration (M3I3). The M3I3 initiative aims to reduce the time for the discovery, design and development of materials based on elucidating multiscale processing-structure-property relationship and materials hierarchy, which are to be quantified and understood through a combination of machine learning and scientific insights. In this review, we begin by introducing recent progress on related initiatives around the globe, such as the Materials Genome Initiative (U.S.), Materials Informatics (U.S.), the Materials Project (U.S.), the Open Quantum Materials Database (U.S.), Materials Research by Information Integration Initiative (Japan), Novel Materials Discovery (E.U.), the NOMAD repository (E.U.), Materials Scientific Data Sharing Network (China), Vom Materials Zur Innovation (Germany), and Creative Materials Discovery (Korea), and discuss the role of multiscale materials and molecular imaging combined with machine learning in realizing the vision of M3I3. Specifically, microscopies using photons, electrons, and physical probes will be revisited with a focus on the multiscale structural hierarchy, as well as structure-property relationships. Additionally, data mining from the literature combined with machine learning will be shown to be more efficient in finding the future direction of materials structures with improved properties than the classical approach. Examples of materials for applications in energy and information will be reviewed and discussed. A case study on the development of a Ni-Co-Mn cathode materials illustrates M3I3's approach to creating libraries of multiscale structure-property-processing relationships. We end with a future outlook toward recent developments in the field of M3I3.</p