IMPROVED SEPTIC TANK, A PROMISING DECENTRALIZED WASTEWATER TREATMENT ALTERNATIVE IN VIETNAM

Joint Research on Environmental Science and Technology for the Eart

SUCCESSFUL IMPLEMENTATION OF FULL-SCALE BAFFLED SEPTIC TANK WITH ANAEROBIC FILTERS FOR WASTEWATER TREATMENT IN VIETNAM

Joint Research on Environmental Science and Technology for the Eart

High Temperature Symmetry Non-Restoration And Inverse Symmetry Breaking in the Z2×Z2 Model

The patterns of high temperature symmetry non-restoration (SNR) and inverse symmetry braking (ISB) in the Z2×Z2model are investigated in detail for a specified parameters

On Phase Transitions of Nuclear Matter in the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio Model

Within the Cornwall - Jackiw - Tomboulis (CJT) approach a general formalism is established for the study of asymmetric nuclear matter (ANM) described by the Nambu-Jona-Lasinio (NJL) model. Restricting to the double-bubble approximation (DBA)we determine the bulk properties of ANM, in particular, the density dependence of the nuclear symmetry energy, which is in good agreement with data of recent analyses

Early removal of senescent cells protects retinal ganglion cells loss in experimental ocular hypertension.

Experimental ocular hypertension induces senescence of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) that mimics events occurring in human glaucoma. Senescence-related chromatin remodeling leads to profound transcriptional changes including the upregulation of a subset of genes that encode multiple proteins collectively referred to as the senescence-associated secretory phenotype (SASP). Emerging evidence suggests that the presence of these proinflammatory and matrix-degrading molecules has deleterious effects in a variety of tissues. In the current study, we demonstrated in a transgenic mouse model that early removal of senescent cells induced upon elevated intraocular pressure (IOP) protects unaffected RGCs from senescence and apoptosis. Visual evoked potential (VEP) analysis demonstrated that remaining RGCs are functional and that the treatment protected visual functions. Finally, removal of endogenous senescent retinal cells after IOP elevation by a treatment with senolytic drug dasatinib prevented loss of retinal functions and cellular structure. Senolytic drugs may have the potential to mitigate the deleterious impact of elevated IOP on RGC survival in glaucoma and other optic neuropathies

NITROGEN AMMONIA REMOVAL FROM GROUNDWATER BY NITRIFICATION-DENITRIFICATION PROCESS WITH A NOVEL ACRYL BIOFILM CARRIER MATERIAL

Joint Research on Environmental Science and Technology for the Eart

THIẾT LẬP CHỈ SỐ CHẤT LƯỢNG NƯỚC DỰA VÀO PHÂN TÍCH THỐNG KÊ: ÁP DỤNG CHO SÔNG HƯƠNG, TỈNH THỪA THIÊN HUẾ

Huong River’s water quality was preliminarily assessed by comparing the parameters monitored with the Vietnam Technical Regulation on Surface Water Quality. The river water quality was then assessed based on Water Quality Index (WQI). Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was applied to the river water quality data during 2017–2020 to determine the weighting (wi) of the ith water quality parameter for WQI calculation. The WQI was calculated both from wi and subindex (qi). The parameters selected (n = 11) for WQI calculation consisted of pH, EC (electric conductivity), DO, TSS, BOD5, COD, N-NH4+, N-NO3–, P-PO43–, Fe (total dissolved iron), and TC (total coliform). The parameters were monitored at 8–10 sites in 4–5 sessions (February, May, August, and November). The results show that 95% of WQI at 90–100 corresponds to water quality level ‘good’ and ‘excellent’; only 5% of WQI values at 49–77 (mainly in November 2020) corresponds to the level from ‘bad’ to ‘good’. In the flood-rainy season, the increase in concentrations of TSS and Fe and the decrease in DO concentration lead to a reduction in WQI. The river water quality was not significantly differed by space/monitoring sites (p > 0,05) with median WQIs of 97–100 but varied over time: the years 2017 and 2019 had median WQIs (99), higher than that in the years 2018 and 2020 (97) with p < 0,01.Chất lượng nước (CLN) sông Hương được đánh giá sơ bộ qua so sánh các thông số quan trắc với quy định kỹ thuật Việt Nam về CLN mặt. Tiếp theo, CLN sông được đánh giá qua Chỉ số chất lượng nước (WQI). Phương pháp phân tích thành phần chính (PCA) được áp dụng cho dữ liệu CLN sông giai đoạn 2017–2020 để xác định trọng số (wi) của thông số CLN i trong tính toán WQI. Chỉ số chất lượng nước được tính từ cả trọng số và chỉ số phụ (qi). Các thông số được lựa chọn để tính WQI gồm (n = 11): pH, EC (độ dẫn điện), DO, TSS, BOD5, COD, N-NH4+, N-NO3–, P-PO43–, Fe (tổng sắt tan) và TC (tổng coliform). Các thông số đó được quan trắc ở 8–10 vị trí trong 4–5 đợt (tháng 2, 5, 8 và 11). Kết quả cho thấy, 95% các giá trị WQI nằm trong khoảng 90–100, ứng với CLN loại ‘tốt’ và ‘rất tốt’; chỉ 5% các giá trị WQI nằm trong khoảng 49–77 (chủ yếu vào tháng 11/2020), ứng với CLN loại ‘xấu’ đến ‘tốt’. Vào mùa mưa lũ, nồng độ TSS và Fe tăng lên, nồng độ DO giảm, dẫn đến làm giảm WQI. Chất lượng nước sông không khác nhau có ý nghĩa thống kê theo không gian/vị trí quan trắc (p > 0,05) với WQI trung vị 97–100 nhưng khác nhau theo thời gian: năm 2017 và 2019 có WQI trung vị (99) lớn hơn năm 2018 và 2020 (WQI trung vị 97) với p < 0,01

Urocortin 2 Gene Transfer Improves Glycemic Control and Reduces Retinopathy and Mortality in Murine Insulin Deficiency.

Type 1 diabetes affects 20 million patients worldwide. Insulin is the primary and commonly the sole therapy for type 1 diabetes. However, only a minority of patients attain the targeted glucose control and reduced adverse events. We tested urocortin 2 gene transfer as single-agent therapy for insulin deficiency using two mouse models. Urocortin 2 gene transfer reduced blood glucose for months after a single intravenous injection, through increased skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity, increased insulin release in response to glucose stimulation, and increased plasma insulin levels before and during euglycemic clamp. The combined increases in both insulin availability and sensitivity resulted in improved glycemic indices-events that were not anticipated in these insulin-deficient models. In addition, urocortin 2 gene transfer reduced ocular manifestations of long-standing insulin deficiency such as vascular leak and improved retinal function. Finally, mortality was reduced by urocortin 2 gene transfer. The mechanisms for these beneficial effects included increased activities of AMP-activated protein kinase and Akt (protein kinase B) in skeletal muscle, increased skeletal muscle glucose uptake, and increased insulin release. These data suggest that urocortin 2 gene transfer may be a viable therapy for new onset type 1 diabetes and might reduce insulin needs in later stage disease

Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Canarium tramdenum Dai and Yakovl. in Northern Vietnam

Canarium tramdenum occurs naturally in subtropical and tropical regions of Indochina and China. The wood is used for making high quality furniture and the fruit and leaves are used in traditional medicine. However, a lack of information on genetic diversity and population structure has handicapped the genetic conservation and domestication of this high-value species. This study evaluated genetic variation within and among four C. tramdenum populations. Sixty individuals were collected from four natural populations in Vietnam in the provinces of Ninhbinh, Bacgiang, Nghean, and Backan. Genetic diversity and genetic structure were determined using 20 ISSR markers. A total of 192 DNA fragments with sizes ranging from 110 bp to 3,000 bp were detected, of which 154 segments (80.2%) were polymorphic and 38 segments (19.8%) were monomorphic. The ISSR data indicated a moderate degree of genetic diversity for the species (h = 0.252). The four populations were separated into three genetic clusters with low levels of genetic distance between them. AMOVA result showed that most (78%) of the genetic variation was within the populations. The moderate to high genetic diversity of C. tramdenum and the low genetic differentiation among populations suggested that all existing natural populations in the particular regions needed to be preserved to protect the genetic diversity of this species