9 research outputs found
CBLAST 2003 field work report
The long-range scientific objective of the Coupled Boundary Layer Air Sea Transfer
(CBLAST) project is to observe and understand the temporal and spatial variability of the
upper ocean, to identify the processes that determine that variability, and to examine its
predictability. Air-sea interaction is of particular interest, but attention is also paid to the
coupling of the sub-thermocline ocean to the mixed layer and to both the open ocean and
littoral regimes. We seek to do this over a wide range of environmental conditions with
the intent of improving our understanding of upper ocean dynamics and of the physical
processes that determine the vertical and horizontal structure of the upper ocean.
Field work for CBLAST was conducted during the summers of 2001, 2002, and 2003 off
the south shore of Martha’s Vineyard, Massachusetts. The 2003 field work was conducted
from the following platforms: heavy moorings, light moorings, drifters, F/V Nobska,
CIRPAS Pelican aircraft, and an IR Cessna Aircraft. This report documents the 2003 field
work and includes field notes, platform descriptions, discussion of data returns, and
mooring logs. The 2003 Intensive Operating Period (IOP) was very successful and a high
data return was seen.Funding was provided by the Office of Naval Research under contract numbers
N00014-01-1-0029 and N00014-05-10090
SecNav / CBLAST 2002 field experiment deployment / recovery cruises and data report, F/V Nobska, June 19-20, 2002, F/V Nobska, September 4 and 9, 2002, mooring data, June 19 - September 9, 2002
During the summer of 2002, six surface moorings and one subsurface mooring were deployed south of Martha's Vineyard, Cape Cod, Massachusetts. The moorings were deployed from June to September 2002 to collect meteorological and oceanographic data. This was done both to support the Coupled Boundary Layered Air-Sea Transfer Low wind (CBLAST-Low) cooperative experiment and to address the question of regional predictability in the littoral regime under research supported by a Secretary of the Navy/Chief of Naval Operations (CNO) Chair. The aim was to capture the mesoscale development and response of inner shelf waters to local synoptic atmospheric, tidal and larger scale oceanic forcing under predominantly low wind conditions.
This report covers the operational aspects of the 2002 experiment, including deployment, recovery, and mooring setups, as well as basic data returns.Funding was provided by the Office of Naval Research
under Contract Numbers N00014-01-1-0029 and N00014-99-1-0090
CLIVAR Mode Water Dynamics Experiment (CLIMODE) fall 2005, R/V Oceanus voyage 419, November 9, 2005–November 27, 2005
CLIMODE (CLIVAR Mode Water Dynamic Experiment) is a program designed to understand and quantify the processes
responsible for the formation and dissipation of North Atlantic subtropical mode water, also called Eighteen Degree Water (EDW).
Among these processes, the amount of buoyancy loss at the ocean-atmosphere interface is still uncertain and needs to be accurately
quantified. In November 2005, a cruise was made aboard R/V Oceanus in the region of the separated Gulf Stream, where intense
oceanic heat loss to the atmosphere is believed to trigger the formation of EDW. During that cruise, one surface mooring with
IMET meteorological instruments was anchored in the core of the Gulf Stream as well as two moored profilers on its southeastern
edge. Surface drifters, APEX floats and bobby RAFOS floats were also deployed along with two other moorings with sound
sources. CTD profiles and water samples were also carried out. This array of instruments will permit a characterization of EDW
with high spatial and temporal resolutions, and accurate in-situ measurements of air-sea fluxes in the formation region. The
present report documents this cruise, the instruments that were deployed and the array of measurements that was set in place.Funding was provided by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. OCE 04-24536
Stratus Ocean Reference Station (20ËšS, 85ËšW), mooring recovery and deployment cruise R/V Revelle cruise dana 03, November 10 - November 26, 2003
The Ocean Reference Station at 20°S, 85°W under the stratus clouds west of northern
Chile and Peru is being maintained to provide ongoing, climate-quality records of surface
meteorology, of air-sea fluxes of heat, freshwater, and momentum, and of upper ocean
temperature, salinity, and velocity variability. The Stratus Ocean Reference Station,
hereafter ORS Stratus, is supported by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric
Administrations (NOAA) Climate Observation Program. It is recovered and redeployed
annually, with cruises that have come in October or November.
During the November 2003 cruise of Scripps Institution of Oceanography's R/V Roger
Revelle to the ORS Stratus site, the primary activities where the recovery of the WHOI
surface mooring that had been deployed in October 2002, the deployment of a new WHOI
surface mooring at that site, the in-situ calibration of the buoy meteorological sensors by
comparison with instrumentation put on board by Chris Fairall of the NOAA
Environmental Technology Laboratory (ETL), and observations of the stratus clouds and
lower atmosphere by NOAA ETL and Jason Tomlinson from Texas A&M.
The ORS Stratus buoys are equipped with two Improved Meteorological systems, which
provide surface wind speed and direction, air temperature, relative humidity, barometric
pressure, incoming shortwave radiation, incoming longwave radiation, precipitation rate,
and sea surface temperature. The IMET data are made available in near real time using
satellite telemetry. The mooring line carries instruments to measure ocean salinity,
temperature, and currents. On some deployments, additional instrumentation is attached to
the mooring to measure rainfall and bio-optical variability. The ETL instrumentation used
during the 2003 cruise included a cloud radar, radiosonde balloons, and sensors for mean
and turbulent surface meteorology.
In addition to this work, buoy work was done in support of the Ecuadorian Navy Institute
of Oceanography (INOCAR) and of the Chilean Navy Hydrographic and Oceanographic
Service (SHOA). The surface buoy, oceanographic instrumentation, and upper 500 m of
an INOCAR surface mooring at 2°S, 84°W that had been vandalized were recovered and
transferred to the Ecuadorian Navy vessel B. A. E. Calicuchima. A tsunami warning
mooring was installed at 75°W, 20°S for SHOA. SHOA personnel onboard were trained
during the cruise by staff from the NOAA Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory
(PMEL) and National Data Buoy Center (NDBC). The cruise hosted two teachers
participating in NOAA's Teacher at Sea Program, Deb Brice from San Marcos, California
and Viviana Zamorano from Arica, Chile.Funding was provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration uncer Contract Number NA17RJ1223
Stratus Ocean Reference Station (20˚S, 85˚W), mooring recovery and deployment cruise R/V Ronald H. Brown cruise 05-05, September 26, 2005–October 21, 2005
The Ocean Reference Station at 20°S, 85°W under the stratus clouds west of northern Chile is being maintained to provide
ongoing, climate-quality records of surface meteorology, of air-sea fluxes of heat, freshwater, and momentum, and of upper ocean
temperature, salinity, and velocity variability. The Stratus Ocean Reference Station (ORS Stratus) is supported by the National
Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration’s (NOAA) Climate Observation Program. It is recovered and redeployed annually, with
cruises that have come between October and December. During the October 2005 cruise of NOAA’s R/V Ronald H. Brown to the
ORS Stratus site, the primary activities were recovery of the WHOI surface mooring that had been deployed in December 2004,
deployment of a new WHOI surface mooring at that site, in-situ calibration of the buoy meteorological sensors by comparison
with instrumentation put on board by staff of the NOAA Environmental Technology Laboratory (ETL), and observations of the
stratus clouds and lower atmosphere by NOAA ETL. The ORS Stratus buoys are equipped with two Improved Meteorological
(IMET) systems, which provide surface wind speed and direction, air temperature, relative humidity, barometric pressure,
incoming shortwave radiation, incoming longwave radiation, precipitation rate, and sea surface temperature. The IMET data are
made available in near real time using satellite telemetry. The mooring line carries instruments to measure ocean salinity,
temperature, and currents. The ETL instrumentation used during the 2005 cruise included cloud radar, radiosonde ballons, and
sensors for mean and turbulent surface meteorology. In addition, two technicians from the University of Concepcion collected
water samples for chemical analysis. Finally, the cruise hosted a teacher participating in NOAA’s Teacher at Sea Program.Funding was provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
under Grant No. NA17RJ1223 and the Cooperative Institute for Climate and Ocean Research (CICOR)
Long-term evolution of the coupled boundary layers (Stratus) mooring recovery and deployment cruise report R/V Melville
The Long Term Evolution and Coupling of the Boundary Layers Study (referred to as the Stratus
Project) is an effort to obtain a reliable multi-year dataset of meteorological and subsurface
measurements beneath the stratus cloud deck off the coast of Chile and Peru. This data will
improve our understanding of the role of clouds in ocean-atmosphere coupling. This project is
part of the Eastern Pacific Investigation of Climate (EPIC), a NOAA-funded Climate Variability
(CLIVAR) study.
During the Stratus 2002 cruise, a surface mooring that had been deployed for one year off the
coast of Chile was recovered, and a new surface mooring was deployed in the same location.
The 2002 deployment starts the final year of a three-year occupation of the site by a Woods Hole
Oceanographic Institution (WHOI) mooring as part of the Enhanced Monitoring element of
EPIC. The occupation of the site will be continued under the NOAA Climate Observations
Program, with the mooring serving as a Surface Reference Site.
The Stratus buoys were equipped with surface meteorological instrumentation, mainly two
Improved METeorological (IMET) systems. The moorings also carried subsurface equipment
attached to the mooring line, which measured conductivity, temperature, current direction and
velocity, chlorophyll-a, and rainfall.
The moorings were recovered and deployed by the Upper Ocean Processes Group of WHOI
from the Scripps Institution of Oceanography’s R/V Melville. In collaboration with investigators
from the Chilean Navy Hydrographic and Oceanographic Service (SHOA) and the University of
Concepcion, Chile, conductivity, temperature, and depth (CTD) profiles were obtained at the
mooring site and along 20°S while steaming east from the mooring site.Funding was provided by the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration
under Grant Number NA17RJ1223
Multicenter Prospective Study of Biomarkers for Diagnosis of Invasive Candidiasis in Children and Adolescents.
BackgroundDiagnosis of invasive candidiasis (IC) relies on insensitive cultures; the relative utility of fungal biomarkers in children is unclear.MethodsThis multinational observational cohort study enrolled patients aged >120 days and <18 years with concern for IC from 1 January 2015 to 26 September 2019 at 25 centers. Blood collected at onset of symptoms was tested using T2Candida, Fungitell (1→3)-β-D-glucan, Platelia Candida Antigen (Ag) Plus, and Platelia Candida Antibody (Ab) Plus assays. Operating characteristics were determined for each biomarker, and assays meeting a defined threshold considered in combination. Sterile site cultures were the reference standard.ResultsFive hundred participants were enrolled at 22 centers in 3 countries, and IC was diagnosed in 13 (2.6%). Thirteen additional blood specimens were collected and successfully spiked with Candida species, to achieve a 5.0% event rate. Valid T2Candida, Fungitell, Platelia Candida Ag Plus, and Platelia Candida Ab Plus assay results were available for 438, 467, 473, and 473 specimens, respectively. Operating characteristics for T2Candida were most optimal for detecting IC due to any Candida species, with results as follows: sensitivity, 80.0% (95% confidence interval, 59.3%-93.2%), specificity 97.1% (95.0%-98.5%), positive predictive value, 62.5% (43.7%-78.9%), and negative predictive value, 98.8% (97.2%-99.6%). Only T2Candida and Platelia Candida Ag Plus assays met the threshold for combination testing. Positive result for either yielded the following results: sensitivity, 86.4% (95% confidence interval, 65.1%- 97.1%); specificity, 94.7% (92.0%-96.7%); positive predictive value, 47.5% (31.5%-63.9%); and negative predictive value, 99.2% (97.7%-99.8%).ConclusionsT2Candida alone or in combination with Platelia Candida Ag Plus may be beneficial for rapid detection of Candida species in children with concern for IC.Clinical trials registrationNCT02220790