Preliminary design of flight hardware for two-phase fluid research

This study defined the preliminary designs of flight software for the Space Shuttle Orbiter for three two-phase fluid research experiments: (1) liquid reorientation - to study the motion of liquid in tanks subjected to small accelerations; (2) pool boiling - to study low-gravity boiling from horizontal cylinders; and (3) flow boiling - to study low-gravity forced flow boiling heat transfer and flow phenomena in a heated horizontal tube. The study consisted of eight major tasks: reassessment of the existing experiment designs, assessment of the Spacelab facility approach, assessment of the individual carry-on approach, selection of the preferred approach, preliminary design of flight hardware, safety analysis, preparation of a development plan, estimates of detailed design, fabrication and ground testing costs. The most cost effective design approach for the experiments is individual carry-ons in the Orbiter middeck. The experiments were designed to fit into one or two middeck lockers. Development schedules for the detailed design, fabrication and ground testing ranged from 15 1/2 to 18 months. Minimum costs (in 1981 dollars) ranged from $463K for the liquid reorientation experiment to$998K for the pool boiling experiment

Conceptual Design of an In-Space Cryogenic Fluid Management Facility

The conceptual design of a Spacelab experiment to develop the technology associated with low gravity propellant management is presented. The proposed facility consisting of a supply tank, receiver tank, pressurization system, instrumentation, and supporting hardware, is described. The experimental objectives, the receiver tank to be modeled, and constraints imposed on the design by the space shuttle, Spacelab, and scaling requirements, are described. The conceptual design, including the general configurations, flow schematics, insulation systems, instrumentation requirements, and internal tank configurations for the supply tank and the receiver tank, is described. Thermal, structural, fluid, and safety and reliability aspects of the facility are analyzed. The facility development plan, including schedule and cost estimates for the facility, is presented. A program work breakdown structure and master program schedule for a seven year program are included

Conceptual design of an in-space cryogenic fluid management facility, executive summary

The conceptual design of a Spacelab experiment to develop the technology associated with low gravity propellant management is summarized. The preliminary facility definition, conceptual design and design analysis, and facility development plan, including schedule and cost estimates for the facility, are presented

US Consumers' Willingness to Pay for Wool Product Attributes

Choice experiments were conducted to assess US consumer demand for woolproduct attributes. The average consumer's WTP was higher for US wool gloves compared to acrylic gloves. For Australian wool gloves, WTP was lower if consumers read information on husbandry practices. Demand for attributes varied across socioeconomic and psychographic characteristics.Demand and Price Analysis,

Building Trust in the Consumer-Company Relationship: The Role of Consumer Perceptions of Transparency and Social Responsibility

Developing trust is a significant part of building the company-consumer relationship. Trust built between a company and its consumers contributes to generating positive marketing outcomes such as loyalty, customer retention, product choices, purchase intention, willingness to act, and overall market performance (e.g., Matzler, Grabner-Kräuter, & Bidmon, 2008). For this reason, being considered a trustworthy company by consumers is more critical than ever, this leads to the question of what it takes to build such trust between a company and its consumers (Knowles, 2003). Despite extensive studies on brand trust, most of which have focused more on the outcomes of trust (e.g., loyalty and repurchase) rather than its predictors, the question of what builds trust remains largely unanswered

The Relationship Between Attitudes Towards Science and Sustainability

Many Fashion, Textile and Clothing (FTC) programs are exploring or reaffirming the commitment of the discipline to supporting sustainable consumption and fostering the development of their students as ethical professionals capable of valuing sustainability in their professional decision-making. At the same time, national policy is focusing education on supporting economic development and technological innovation by turning out students qualified for science, technology, engineering and math (STEM) careers

Impact of Sustainability and Ethics Learning on Career Considerations

This study looked at students across majors with the goal of creating a baseline of student intentions to select a career in a sustainable or ethical company that can be used to expand understanding of how the career intentions of students in the AT field are being impacted by curricula that focuses on sustainability and ethics

Compulsive and Impulsive Shoppers: Hoarding of Fast Fashion Products

Although anecdotal evidence suggests that fast fashion is made of low quality materials, little research has been done to understand how perceptions of fast fashion quality affects consumer purchasing frequency. Furthermore, studies have identified that compulsive and impulsive shopping is tied to hoarding behavior including difficulty discarding and value oriented hoarding. The connection between fast fashion purchasing frequency and compulsive, impulsive and hoarding behaviors has not been, a gap in the research which this study sought to fill. To understand impulsive and compulsive consumers\u27 fast fashion purchasing frequency and the effects that the apparel quality had on hoarding behaviors, an online survey was conducted with a random nationwide sample of 500 women ages 18-59. This homogenous sample was evenly distributed across ages and the resulting racial ethnicities closely represented US population. Results are discussed and implications are provided

Realitet på spill: Iscenesettelse av det reelle i teater og teaterpedagogikk

Hustvedt analyses and discusses two different theatre pedagogical strategies for the staging of so called “everyday experts” and their reality; on the one hand a self-reflexive strategy where the everyday reality is staged as a construction, on the other hand an authenticity strategy where the staged reality is presented as documentation containing the potential for criticism. The two different strategies are presented as different ways of reconstructing and utilizing the boundary between education and art

Reliability and validity of the international physical activity questionnaire in the Nord-Trøndelag health study (HUNT) population of men

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>There is no standardized method for the assessment of physical activity (PA). Therefore it is important to investigate the validity and comparability of different measures. The International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) has been developed as an instrument for cross-national assessment of PA and has been validated in 12 countries. These instruments have acceptable measurement properties for monitoring population levels of PA among 18–65 year-old adults in diverse settings. However, there are some concerns that IPAQ may over-report PA.</p> <p>The purpose of this study is to evaluate the reliability and validity of IPAQ, short version, last 7-days in the Nord-Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT) population of men.</p> <p>Methods</p> <p>The questionnaire was administered twice to a random sample of 108 men aged 20–39 and validity by comparing results with VO_2maxand ActiReg, an instrument that measures PA and energy expenditure (EE). ActiReg discriminates between the body positions: stand, sit, bend forward and lie and also registers if there is motion or not in each of them or both.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>Our results for reliability of the IPAQ short version were good for vigorous and fair for moderate activities. Intraclass correlations ranged from a low of 0.30 for moderate activity hours, to a high of 0.80 for sitting hours. Concerning validity, our results suggest that total IPAQ vigorous PA was a moderately good measure of vigorous activity, having moderately strong, significant correlations with VO_2max, r = 0.41 (p ≤ 0.01), but correlated not with metabolic equivalent (METs) values of 6 or more measured with ActiReg. Only total IPAQ walking was fair correlated with METs 1–3 and METs 3–6, respectively r = -0.27 and 0.26 (p ≤ 0.05). The index for IPAQ sitting hours per week was moderate correlated with METs values of 1–3 and negatively correlated with METs values of 3–6. Classification of PA in three levels (low, moderate and high) correlated also most strongly with VO_2max(0.31 p ≤ 0.01) and METs 3–6 and METs 1–3 from ActiReg (r = 0.32 and -0.31, p ≤ 0.01). Classification of BMI in three levels (normal, overweight and obese) correlated most strongly negative with VO_2max(-0.42 p ≤ 0.01) and MJ from ActiReg (r = 0.31 p ≤ 0.01).</p> <p>Conclusion</p> <p>Our results indicate that IPAQ short version for men has acceptable reliability and criterion validity for vigorous activity and sitting. Walking has moderate reliability. Only the IPAQ for walking had a fair correlation with METs 6+. The questions about moderate activity had fair reproducibility and correlated poorly with most comparison measures.</p