An analysis of general chain systems

A general analysis of dynamic systems consisting of connected rigid bodies is presented. The number of bodies and their manner of connection is arbitrary so long as no closed loops are formed. The analysis represents a dynamic finite element method, which is computer-oriented and designed so that nonworking, interval constraint forces are automatically eliminated. The method is based upon Lagrange's form of d'Alembert's principle. Shifter matrix transformations are used with the geometrical aspects of the analysis. The method is illustrated with a space manipulator

A Spline LR Test for Goodness-of-Fit

Goodness-of-Fit tests, nuisance parameters, cubic spline, Neyman smooth test, Lagrange Multiplier test, stable distributions, student t distributions

Resummation and Shower Studies

The transverse momentum spectra of the Z and Higgs bosons are studied, as probes of the consequences of multiple parton emissions in hadronic events. Emphasis is put on constraints, present in showers, that go beyond conventional leading log. It is shown that, if such constraints are relaxed, better agreement can be obtained with experimental data and with resummation descriptions.Comment: 6 pages, LaTeX, 3 eps figures, submitted to the proceedings of the Workshop on Physics at TeV Colliders, Les Houches, France, 26 May -- 6 June 200

Land Value Capture and Tax Increment Financing: Overview and Considerations for Sustainable Urban Investment

The paper reviews the notion of Land Value Capture (LVC), its advantages and disadvantages and relevance to for urban growth management. LVC encompasses a wide range of mechanisms, applied in very diverse contexts to monetize ‘windfall’ gains, accruing to landowners because of growth, infrastructure or placemaking projects. Despite widespread conviction that a proportion of these ‘unearned increments’ should somehow be harvested for the wider public good, contention, legal and pragmatic challenges remain. As policy makers confront population pressures, transport needs and inequality, LVC can help bridge infrastructure funding gaps, accelerate housing provision and temper polarisation. Betterment taxes, Tax Increment Finance (TIF) or participatory instruments like land readjustment can target ‘planning gains’ capitalized into land and property values near stations, historic monuments or upgraded precincts. As well as flagging instrument diversity and variable contexts, the literature suggests LVC mechanisms work best in a joined-up policy context. Ironically, spatial LVC schemes like TIF are most likely to fail when the regeneration need is most acute. In America, inadequate governance, scrutiny or auditing undermined schemes to fund transport or improve the public realm. In Europe LVC exists in a variety of modalities but three European examples, suggests it remains underutilized. London megaprojects, UK regional housing schemes and French sprawl, illustrate that policy makers have yet to adequately capture unearned increment

Past, Present, and Future Fishery Management in Cabinet Gorge and Noxon Rapids Reservoirs

Noxon Rapids and Cabinet Gorge Reservoirs are run-of-the-river hydroelectric impoundments on the Clark Fork River in western Montana. Operations at Noxon Rapids Reservoir changed in 1961 and 1978. The first change in operations increased average annual spring drawdown from less than 10 to more than 30 feet. The second eliminated drawdowns of more than 6 feet, except for unusual power demands. Establishment and maintenance of a satisfactory sport fishery has been largely unsuccessful in both reservoirs since the 1950\u27s. Rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) exhibited potential from 1958 through 1960 when they produced an excellent fishery, followed by a dramatic decline in 1961. Continued planting of rainbow trout never reestablished a substantial fishery. Other fish species planted produced similar results with the exception of brown trout (Salmo trutta) and small mouth bass (Micropterus dolomieui), which presently provide a modest fishery. Largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides) were present prior to impoundment and appear to be increasing. Operation changes, combined with the brief retention times, have encouraged the downstream movement of most introduced salmonids in Noxon Rapids and Cabinet Gorge Reservoirs

Data base management system analysis and performance testing with respect to NASA requirements

Several candidate Data Base Management Systems (DBM's) that could support the NASA End-to-End Data System's Integrated Data Base Management System (IDBMS) Project, later rescoped and renamed the Packet Management System (PMS) were evaluated. The candidate DBMS systems which had to run on the Digital Equipment Corporation VAX 11/780 computer system were ORACLE, SEED and RIM. Oracle and RIM are both based on the relational data base model while SEED employs a CODASYL network approach. A single data base application which managed stratospheric temperature profiles was studied. The primary reasons for using this application were an insufficient volume of available PMS-like data, a mandate to use actual rather than simulated data, and the abundance of available temperature profile data