Association of gastric lymphofollicular hyperplasia with Helicobacter-like organisms in dogs

Research Areas: Veterinary SciencesABSTRACT - Background: The relationships among gastric lymphoid follicular hyperplasia (GLFH), Helicobacter-like organisms (HLOs), and clinical signs have not been established in dogs. Objectives: To evaluate the epidemiologic, clinical, endoscopic, and histopathologic findings associated with GLFH in dogs, and determine the association of GLFH with HLOs and the French Bulldog (FB) breed. Animals: Two hundred eighty-eight dogs that underwent gastroscopy between 2013 and 2016. Methods: Retrospective, cross-sectional study. Gastric biopsy samples were reviewed and scored for inflammation and HLOs. Dogs were divided into 3 groups: group 1 (63 FBs), group 2 (45 non-FB brachycephalic dogs), and group 3 (180 nonbrachycephalic dogs). Variables were evaluated for their association with GLFH. Results: Univariate analysis determined that intact males, young age, vomiting, gastroscopic findings (discoloration, hemorrhage, and ulcers), and histopathologic findings (gastric lamina propria lymphocytic infiltration and HLO score) were associated with GLFH (P ≤ .03). In the multivariate analysis, GLFH was associated with the HLO score (odds ratio [OR] > 5 for HLO scores 1-2 and >15 for HLO score of 3; P < .001), with vomiting (OR > 4; P = .01) but not with FB breed (P = .76) and age (P = .1). The HLO score was associated with younger age (P < .001). Conclusion and Clinical Importance: The HLO score was associated with a high GLFH score. Vomiting was associated with GLFH. Helicobacter-like organisms are highly prevalent in young dogs and GLFH is indirectly associated with this factor. Clinical relevance of the identification of GLFH and HLO remains to be determined.info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio

Asymmetric synthesis. 29. Preparation of 1,8-diazaspiro[5.5]undecane derivatives

From 2-cyano-6-phenyloxazolopiperidine, two highly efficient routes have been developed for the asym. synthesis of the spiropiperidine system: 1,8-diazaspiro[5.5]undecane. The key step was generation of the imine salts from the functionalized alpha -amino nitrile I, by nucleophilic addn. of a suitable organometallic reagent to the nitrile group followed by, in situ, intramol. nucleophilic alkylation. A reductive-cyclization procedure allowed the prepn. of nonsubstituted and monosubstituted spiro compds. II (R = H, pentyl), while an alkylation-cyclization procedure led to the disubstituted spiro deriv. III, an aza analog of perphydrohistrionicotoxin. [on SciFinder (R)

Asymmetric synthesis. XX. Preparation of a novel spiropiperidine system by the CN(R,S) method

A novel spiropiperidine system I i.e. an aza structural analog of histrionicotoxin was constructed from 2-cyano-6-phenyloxazolopiperidine synthon II. The suitable quaternary carbon was created by alkylation at the position alpha to the nitrile followed by transformation of the nitrile group into a primary amine. Final aminoreductive cyclization gave the spiro system. [on SciFinder (R)

Asymmetric synthesis. XVIII. Preparation of chiral 1,2-diamines via the CN(R,S) method. Application to the synthesis of an analog of tetraponerine

The reaction or organo-lithium or cuprate derivs. towards the cyano group of 2-cyano-6-phenyloxazolopiperidine synthon I gives an imine which is reduced to a primary amine with a remarkable stereoselectivity. An application of this reaction to the synthesis of the tetraponerine analog II is presented. [on SciFinder (R)

Conformationally constrained induced peptides containing (aza)lactam units

Conformational constraint is an approach which can be used to restrict the flexibility of peptide molecules and to provide information on the topographical requirements of receptors. The incorporation of conformationally constrained units in a peptide can lead to peptide analogues that present numerous advantages such as the potentialization of the pharmacological activity and the decrease of enzymatic degradation. This review discusses the peptide analogues containing a lactam or azalactam unit in their sequences. Of particular interest has been the replacement of a dipeptide motif in a peptide that simulates a β-turn

Granulomatous colitis: more than a canine disease? A case of -associated granulomatous colitis in an adult cat

Case summary This report describes a 4-year-old cat with chronic intermittent haematochezia and faecal incontinence of 7 months’ duration. Investigation revealed severe colonic multifocal mucosal ulcerations and infiltration of the mucosal lamina propria by large numbers of periodic acid–Schiff-positive macrophages. Fluorescence in situ hybridisation analysis of colonic biopsies revealed multifocal clusters of intracellular Escherichia coli . Treatment with fluoroquinolones for 6 weeks led to a complete resolution of clinical signs. Relevance and novel information The findings reveal that mucosally invasive E coli can also be associated with granulomatous colitis in cats and indicate the need for diagnostic testing of mucosal samples for E coli and other infectious agents

Asymmetric Synthesis. 39.1 Synthesis of 2-(1-Aminoalkyl)piperidines via 2-Cyano-6-phenyl Oxazolopiperidine

The asym. synthesis of a series of 2-piperidinealkanamines starting from (-)-2-cyano-6-phenyloxazolopiperidine was [i.e., [3R-(3alpha ,5beta ,8abeta )]-hexahydro-3-phenyl-5H-oxazolo[3,2-a]pyridine-5-carbonitrile] (I) as described. LiAlH4 redn. of I followed by hydrogenolysis gave (-)-2-piperidinemethanamine dihydrochloride (II). Addn. of lithium derivs. to the cyano group of I resulted in the formation of intermediate imino bicyclic systems which could be diastereoselectively reduced to substituted diamino alcs. The addn. of an excess of PhLi to I in the presence of LiBr gave a disubstituted amine, the precursor of diphenyl[(2S)-piperidin-2-yl]methanamine. [on SciFinder (R)