Study and Evaluation of Drainage Water Quality for the Upper Al_Masab Al_A'am Channel

             هناك مشكلة في كمية ونوعية مياه نهر الفرات، لأن الملوحة أعلى من المعدل. الغرض من البحث هو مراقبة نوعية المياه والتحقق من جودة المياه التي تم فحصها وهل هي مناسبة للاستخدام المقصود أم لا. تم إجراء الدراسة من أبو غريب إلى مدينة المسيب للمصب العام في العراق لإجراء تقييم صحيح لمستوى التراكيز وتأثيرها على الري. تم تحليل العينات المجمعة لعناصر مختلفة كيميائيا، والتي تؤثر على نوعية المياه للري، هذه العناصر هي كالسيوم (Ca+2) والصوديوم (Na+) والمغنيسيوم (Mg+2) والكلوريد (Cl-) والبوتاسيوم (K+) والبيكربونات (HCO3-) والنترات (NO3-) والسلفات (SO4-2) والفوسفات(PO4-3) والكربونات (CO3-2) والموصلية الكهربائية (EC) والمواد الصلبة الذائبة كليأ (TDS) وقيم الأس الهيدروجين(PH). تم حساب نسبة امتزاز الصوديوم (SAR) ومحتوى الصوديوم (Na%) وكربونات الصوديوم المتبقية (RCS). كذلك تم فحص جودة مؤشر مياه الري (IWQI) متكامل مع نظم المعلومات الجغرافية من أجل تقييم جودة مياه الصرف لأغراض الري بدقة عالية، لتصنيف مياه البزل، تم أخذ اثني عشر عينة من مياه البزل من أربعة مواقع مختلفة للمنطقة الدراسة. يؤكد تحليل نتائج خرائط (IWQI) أن: 61٪ من مياه البزل في منطقة الدراسة تقع ضمن "تقييد منخفض" و36٪ من منطقة الدراسة تقع ضمن (تقييد معتدل)، في حين أن 3٪ من مياه البزل في منطقة الدراسة مصنفة على أنها (تقييد القيد). لذا، ينبغي استخدام مياه االبزل مع التربة ذات نفاذية عالية مع بعض القيود المفروضة على أنواع النباتات للتسامح المحدد من الأملاح.There is water shortage problem in Euphrates River, with the water quality problem of river water. The important cause behind that need to monitor water quality to verify whether the examined water quality suitable for intended usage or not. The study is conducted Abo-Ghareeb to Al-Masib city for Al_Masab Al_A'am Channel in Iraq to make valid assessment for level of parameters measured and realize their effects on irrigation. The collected samples for different elements were analyzed chemically, which affect water quality for irrigation, These elements are Calcium (Ca+2), Sodium (Na+), Magnesium (Mg+2), Chloride (Cl), Potassium (K+), Bicarbonate (HCO3-), Nitrate (NO3-), Sulfate (SO4-2), Phosphate(PO43), Carbonate (CO3-2), Electrical Conductivity (EC), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) and pH-values (PH). Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR), Sodium Content (Na %) and Residual Sodium Carbonate (RCS) have been also calculated. The Irrigation Water Quality Index (IWQI) will be examined and  upgraded  (integrated  with  GIS) In  order  assess  the  drainage  water quality for irrigation purposes with a high accuracy, to make classification for drainage water. For this purpose, twelve samples of drainage water were taken from different four location of the study area. The results analysis of (IWQI) maps confirms that: 61% of drainage water in study area falls within "Low restriction" and 36% of study area has water with (Moderate restriction), While 3% of drainage water in study area classified as (Sever  restriction). So, the drainage water should use with soil having high permeability with some constraints imposed on types of plant for specified tolerance of salts

Educating the educators: Incorporating bioinformatics into biological science education in Malaysia

Bioinformatics can be defined as a fusion of computational and biological sciences. The urgency to process and analyse the deluge of data created by proteomics and genomics studies has caused bioinformatics to gain prominence and importance. However, its multidisciplinary nature has created a unique demand for specialist trained in both biology and computing. In this review, we described the components that constitute the bioinformatics field and distinctive education criteria that are required to produce individuals with bioinformatics training. This paper will also provide an introduction and overview of bioinformatics in Malaysia. The existing bioinformatics scenario in Malaysia was surveyed to gauge its advancement and to plan for future bioinformatics education strategies. For comparison, we surveyed methods and strategies used in education by other countries so that lessons can be learnt to further improve the implementation of bioinformatics in Malaysia. It is believed that accurate and sufficient steerage from the academia and industry will enable Malaysia to produce quality bioinformaticians in the future

Optical Properties For (PVA- PEG-NiNO3) Composites

The present paper is aimed to modification of the optical properties of poly-vinyl alcohol and poly-ethylene glycol with different concentrations of ( NiNO3). The absorption and transmission spectra have been recorded in the wavelength range     (200-800)nm . The absorption coefficient and energy gap of the indirect allowed and forbidden transition have been determined, Also, extinction coefficient, index coefficient, real and imaginary part of dielectric constant have been calculated. Keywords: optical properties, polymer composites, optical constants, polyethylene glycol

A Review of Optimization to the Operation of a Complex Water Resources System Based on Certain Practical Assumptions and Simplification

تم إعداد هذا البحث لمراجعة التشغيل الأمثل للنظام المعقد للموارد المياه باستخدام البرمجة الديناميكية DP والبرمجة الديناميكية التفاضلية المنفصلة DDDP. بالاضافة الى حل نموذج الامثلية البرمجة الديناميكية النموذجي، تم اعتماد نموذج المحاكاة لتحقيق عملية تقريبية للتشغيل الأمثل قدر الإمكان، والحفاظ على مستوى التخزين والإطلاقات داخل المحددات. من أجل الوصول إلى الحل الأمثل لمشكلة الخزان عمليا، تم استخدام طريقة رقمية للبرمجة الديناميكية لتحديد القرار المتسلسل الامثل، مع الأخذ بعين الاعتبار القيود الفعالة المرتبطة بالمشكلة. البرمجة الديناميكية التفاضلية المنفصلة هو إجراء لحل العديد من المشاكل التي تمت صياغتها بالفعل كمخططات ديناميكية وبالتالي تقليل متطلبات الذاكرة وحفظ الوقت الحسابي. تم تطبيق نموذج الامثلية على عمليتين افتراضيتين تمثلان الحالات القصوى، وهما سنتين متتالية نسبيًا من الرطوبة وسنتين جافتين متتاليتين نسبياً. شكلت بيانات التدفق التاريخي لـ (240) شهرا (من أكتوبر 1988 إلى سبتمبر 2005) كبيانات الإدخال إلى نموذج الامثلية للحصول على منحنيات القاعدة (العلوي، المتوسط ​​، المنخفض). وتم تجنب حالة الفيضان داخل خزان العظيم بشكل كامل وقد أظهرت نظام التشغيل الامثل عجزًا في تلبية متطلبات سد العظيم. وقد بينت النتائج بان التشغيل الامثل للسنتين الرطبتين القصوى مسيطر عليها من ناحية الفيضان ونسبة عجز 9.3–59.1 م3/ثا من أصل 34.2% من الاحتياج الكلي وللسنوات الجافه القصوى 11.8 – 81.2 م3/ثا من أصل% 57.3 من الاحتياج الكلي.This research is set out to review of “optimum the water complex resources system by using dynamic programming DP and Discrete Differential Dynamic Programming DDDP, Beside a solution of formulated DP optimization model, the model of simulation was adopt for achieve the operation as close to optimum operation as possible, with the keep level of storage and releases within their targets”. In aiming at the optimal solution of the reservoir – operation problem, (DP) represents a numerical method which is used to determine the optimal sequential decisions, taking into consideration an effective constraints associated with problem. DDDP is the solution procedure of many problems which already formulated as dynamic – programming ones. It is reduce the memory requirements and save computational time. The Optimization model was applied for “two operations hypothetical represented by the cases of extreme, namely consecutive to the relatively of two wet years and two consecutive the relatively of dry years”. The data to the historical inflow for “(240) months are (from Oct. 1988 to Sep. 2005) was form to the data input to a model of optimization for found rule curves (lower, average and upper)”. A flooding state within Al_Edhaim Resevoir has been fully avoided. “The policy to the optimization of operation is shown a deficiency in satisfying downstream Al-Edhaim Dam demands”. “The optimization of the operation for two consecutive wet years would be full capable controlling expected floods, so as to the deficiency would be from 9.3–59.1 cumecs total of 34.2% of demand, then the optimization of the operation for two consecutive dry years would be from 11.8 – 81.2 cumecs total of 57.3 % of the whole demand"

The Effect of NiNO3 on Optical Properties for (PVA- PEG) Composites Polymers

The present paper is aimed to modification of the optical properties of poly-vinyl alcohol and poly-ethylene glycol with different concentrations of ( NiNO3). The absorption and transmission spectra have been recorded in the wavelength range     (200-800)nm . The absorption coefficient and energy gap of the indirect allowed and forbidden transition have been determined, Also, extinction coefficient, index coefficient, real and imaginary part of dielectric constant have been calculated. Keywords: optical properties, polymer composites, optical constants, polyethylene glycol

Synthesis of Polyaniline: Clay-Chain Nanocompsites by Mechanochemical intercalation Method and study it's optical properties

Polyaniline/clay nano composite can be prepared by mechanochemical method. The characteristics of various polyaniline-clay nano composite were investigated using UV- visible, FT-IR, and X-ray diffraction. We have also determined  grain size (D=0.587 nm).Transmittance measurements in the wavelength range (190-900)nm are used to calculate the refractive index(n), extinction coefficient (k) and the optical band gap Egopt . Keywords: polyaniline, clay chain nan composite, mechanochemical method ,grain size

HOW DO LEARNERS RESPOND TO CBL MATERIAL BASED ON MODALITY LEARNING STYLE?

This is a report of case study exploring the reaction of learners to CBL material which has been purposely develop suited with learners based on VARK learning styles. It discusses the strengths and weaknesses of CBL and the concept of learning style. Courseware demonstrating the use of images and video clips within the presentation software PowerPoint was created with four different routes to appeal to learners with visual, aural, reading and kinaesthetic (VARK) preferences. This was trialled with 30 student teachers for whom the material was deemed appropriate in level and context. It was found that VARK preferences could not be reliably identified and that providing different routes only appeared to have a marginal impact on learners’ comfort with the material and no appreciable impact on measurable learning outcomes. Instead more traditional design concerns such as structure, navigation as well as clarity of sound and images appeared as more important to participants in the trials in a series of semi structured interviews. However, interest in VARK is valuable if it focuses the designer on using a mix of media in courseware and if it provokes discussion of the properties of different media

Synthesis and characterization of [4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxybutyrate)-zinc layered hydroxide] nanohybrid

A new layered organic–inorganic nanohybrid material in which an agrochemical, 4-(2,4-dichlorophenoxy)butyrate (DPBA) is intercalated into inorganic interlayers of zinclayeredhydroxide (ZLH) was synthesized by direct reaction of aqueous DPBA solution with zinc oxide. The resulting nanohybrid is composed of the organic moieties, DPBA sandwiched between ZLH inorganic interlayers. The nanohybrid afforded well ordered crystalline layered structure, a basal spacing of 29.6 Å, 23.5% carbon (w/w) and 47.9% (w/w) loading of DPBA. FTIR study shows that the absorption bands of the resulting nanohybrid composed the FTIR characteristics of both the DPBA and ZLH which further confirmed the intercalation episode. The intercalated organic moiety in the form of nanohybrid is thermally more stable than its sodium salt. Scanning electron micrograph shows the ZnO precursor has very fine granular structure and transformed into a flake-like when the nanohybrid is formed. This work shows that the nanohybrid of DPBA-ZLH can be synthesized using simple, direct reaction of ZnO and DPBA under aqueous environment for the formation of a new generation of agrochemical

A Contemporary Aesthetic View of Digital Decorative Designs

تمثلت مشكلة البحث بالتساؤل التالي "هل يمكن التزاوج بين اللوحة الرقميّة واللوحة الزخرفية التعليمية في استحداث أعمال معاصرة؟) في حين هدف البحث الحالي إلى الكشف عن التصميمات الزخرفية الرقميّة المعاصرة عبر حدود البحث الموضوعية المتمثلة بالزخرفة النباتية في ضوء التقنيات الرقمية للمدة من 2017 – 2021م من الفنانين العاملين في مجال الزخرفة في العالم الإسلامي في (العراق-وسوريا) في حين تكون الفصل الثاني من مبحثين تضمن المبحث الأول " الزخرفة العربيّة مفهومها ومراحل تطورها"، أما المبحث الثاني فتمثل بـ"تقنيات التصميم الرقمي الزخرفي" في حين تكون الفصل الثالث من إجراءات البحث مجتمع البحث الذي (50) شكلاّ وقد اخترت عينة البحث بشكل قصدي عبر المنهج الوصفي التحليلي وبنسبة10% وقد أصبحت (5) نماذج. أما الفصل الرابع فتمثل بنتائج البحث وأهمها : ساهمت التقنيات الرقميّة بنتائج البحث تشكيلات وأهمها ساهمت التقنيات الرقمية بإنتاج تشكيلات مختلفة ومتعددة داخل الشكل الواحد ضمن إطار اللوحة أما الاستنتاجات فتتمثل بأن التعدد في التقنية الرقمية والأسلوب حققت للفنان السيطرة على الجهد والوقت الذي يبذله في إنتاج اللوحة التقليدية. وقد أوصت الباحثة الاستفادة من نتائج وتوصيات في إنتاج لوحات رقمية واقترحت الباحثة بإجراء دراسة مكملة (قراءة جمالية للتكوينات الخطية المعالجة رقمياً..).The research problem was represented by the following question: Is it possible to merge between digital painting and traditional decorative painting in creating contemporary works ?,  while the current research aimed to reveal contemporary digital decorative designs through the objective research boundaries represented by plant decoration in the light of digital technologies for the period (2010-2020)  by the working artists in the field of beauty of decoration in the Islamic world. While the second chapter was divided into two sections, the first one included "Arabic decoration, its concept and stages of development", while the second section was represented by "Digital Decorative Design Techniques". While the third chapter tackled with the research procedures, the research community, which consisted of (50) forms, the research sample was chosen intentionally and through the descriptive analytical approach at a rate of (60%) and it became (5) models. As for the fourth chapter, it represented the results of the research, the most important of which are: Digital techniques contributed to the production of various and multiple formations within the same shape within the framework of the painting. The conclusions are: The multiplicity of digital technology and style helps the artist to control the effort and time he spends in producing the traditional painting. The researcher recommended making use of the research results to produce digital paintings, and the researcher suggested a complementary study (An aesthetic reading of the digitally processed linear formations)

Design and implementation of Arduino based robotic arm

This study presents the model, design, and construction of the Arduino based robotic arm, which functions across a distance as it is controlled through a mobile application. A six degree of freedom robotic arm has been designed and implemented for the purpose of this research. The design controlled by the Arduino platform receives orders from the user’s mobile application through wireless controlling signals, that is Bluetooth. The arm is made up of five rotary joints and an end effector, where rotary motion is provided by the servomotor. Each link has been first designed using solid works and then printed by 3D printer. The assembly of the parts of the robot and the motor’s mechanical shapes produce the final prototype of the arm. The Arduino has been programmed to provide rotation to each corresponding servo motor to the sliders in the designed mobile application for usage from distance