Natural Radioactivity and Radon Exhalation in the Sediment River Used in Sulaymaniyah Governorate, Iraq, Dwellings

The samples, sand and pebble (Sediment River), were collected from their selling places in Sulaymaniyah city, Iraq. Sand and pebble emanate each of 238U, 232Th, 40K, and radon naturally. The radon concentration in the air (Co) and gamma-specific activity (As) of the samples were measured using passive detectors (CR-39) and gamma spectrum analyzer (3 × 3 NaI (Tl) connected to digital spectrum analyzer), respectively. The mean value of the Co ± deviation of the investigated samples was 176.5 ± 6.9 Bq/mᵌ, which is lower than the worldwide value of 300 Bq m− ᵌ reported by the IAEA. However, an anomaly in Co value was found in Tanjaro (Sand) sample. The mean value radon mass exhalation rate (EM) was 10.9 ± 0.5 μBq/kg/h. The second part of the measuring is the gamma-specific activities (As) of each 226Ra, 232Th, and 40K. The As values were ranged (4.3 ± 0.2–22.6 ± 0.2), (1.9 ± 0.1–4.2 ± 0.1), and (39.8 ± 0.2–86.0 ± 0.4) Bq/kg , respectively. The mean calculated value of radium equivalent (Raeq) was 20.2±0.2 Bq/kg. The annual effective dose rate of gamma (Hann) was 0.13 mSv/y. Fortunately, the Hann value of the samples is lower than the world average value of 0.48 mSv/y

Gamma Dose Measuring for the Rice Sample in Slemani City Markets, Kurdistan Region – Iraq

تم جمع 14 نموذجا  لهذه الدراسة  من الارز في اسواق مدينة السليمانية  لتحديد مقدار كل من  226Ra  ،232Th  و40K   . ثم استخدمت مطياف اشعة كاما (NaI (Tl)) لتحديد تركيز النشاط الاشعاعي. النتائج لتركيز النشاط الاشعاعي للنويدات الطبيعية الثلاثة تقع ضمن المدى (0.55 – 5.7) و (0.6- 4.66) و (16.11- 20.02) Bq Kg-1بشكل متتالي. ان معدل قيمة النشاط الاشعاعي المكافيء للراديوم ( ) اقل من القيمة المقبولة عالميا 370 Bq Kg-1 كما اشيرت اليه في تقرير UNSCEAR . ان القيمة الاجمالية للجرعة السنوية ( ) تقع ضمن (64.66 – 355.62 ) , ولكن قيمة   لكل من النماذج الارز التايلندي و بانخيلان العراقي تجاوز القيمة العالمية (290) . عموما, حددت معدل القيمة  بمقدار 196.2 , وهذه يشير الى ان النماذج من الارز صحي وبعيد  من اضرار النشاط الاشعاعي.In this study, the Radium-226, Thoruim-232 and Potassuim-40 in the selected fourteen types of rice samples were collected from local markets in Slemani city- Kurdistan region- Iraq. The concentrations were determined by using scintillation detector (NaI (Tl) -3x3). The results of the Radium-226, Thoruim-232, and Potassuim-40 specific activities in rice samples were ranged (0.55 – 5.7) Bq Kg-1, (0.6 – 4.66) BqKg-1 and (16.11 – 20.02) Bq Kg-1, respectively. The average value of the radium equivalent activity ( ) was below the average worldwide values as reported by UNSCEAR. The values of total annual effective dose ( ) of the rice samples, ranged from 64.66 to 355.62 . The value of each of Thailand- Kallasher and Slemany_ Banikhellan samples were (355.62, 344.38), which were higher than the average worldwide value 290  as reported by UNSCEAR. In general, the mean value was 196.20. Therefore, the studied samples are safe in term of radiological health hazards

High frequency transformer design and modelling using finite element technique

PhD ThesisThe field of high power density power supplies has received much attention in recent years. The area of the most concern is to increase the switching frequency so as to achieve a reduction in the power supply size. Such concern in high frequency power conversion units has led to many resonant structures (quasi, multi, and pseudo). In all resonant types, the power transfer from the source to the load is controlled by varying the ratio of operating to resonant frequencies. Every effort has been made to reduce the switching losses using zero voltage and/or zero current techniques. In contrast, little attention has been given to the area of the design of the magnetic components at high frequency operation. It is usually accepted that the weak point in further high frequency power supply design is in the magnetic devices ( transformer and inductor ). No accurate model of the transformer taking into account the high frequency range has been performed yet. It is well known that as the frequency increasess o the transformerm odel becomesm ore complicated,d ue to the complexity of the transformer element distribution, and the nature of frequency dependence of some of these elements. Indeed, work of this kind can take many directions, and the attempt here is to introduce a number of mathematics, analytical, numerical, and practical directions to model the transformer. The main factors affecting the high frequency performance are the eddy current losses, leakage flux and the effects due to the transformer elements, where the transformer is part of the resonant converter. Two dimensional transformer finite element modelling is used to examine different cases, including open and short circuit conditions. The frequency dependency of the winding resistance and leakage inductance is fully explained. The practical design of the transformer and testing is used to valididate the simulation results. These results are supported by the results obtained from the mathematical formulation. Special attention is given to reducing both copper losses and leakage in the windings. Three dimensional modelling of the high frequency transformer and the solution using a program solving the full set of Maxwell's equations is the original part of the present work. Frequency response characteristics are found and compared to that obtained from the test. Curves of these characteristics are used to predict a simplified transformer equivalent circuit. This circuit is used with the simulation of a full bridge series resonant converter, where all units ( switches, control, isolation, feedback, and transformer ) are represented by an equivalent circuit. The power supply operation and its behaviour in respect to the change with frequency of each of the transformer elements are examined. Two cases are considered through the simulation, when the operating frequency is above and when it is below the resonant tank frequency. The simulated results are validated by building a practical power supply. In addition, the numerical solution of modelling the transformer by an equivalent network is also introduced. The highest possible number of elements (R, L, and Q are used, where all the elements are found using 2D FEM solution of both magnetostatic and electrostatic fields. This network is solved using the trapezoidal rule of integration and electric network theory. The examination of the influences of the distribution capacitances on the internal winding frequency response characteristic is carefully examined. The last work in the present research is focussed on finding a general model of an exact transformer equivalent circuit to cover the wide frequency range. The thesis is completed with a conclusion

Design and Implementation a Non-uniform Helical Antenna in Frequency Range of 450–850 MHz for Ultra-high-frequency Television Application

In a domestic region, the people are living inside cities, they complaining from the weak of local TV broadcasting signals in frequency range of 450–850 MHz, in this paper try to get a solution by increase the gain antenna by design new antenna have a wideband and high gain compare with antennas are available in the local market. A non-uniform helical antenna designed using helical antenna calculator according to equations then implemented and measured the radiation pattern and gain of antenna, then compare with commercial loop antenna gain found increase in received power about 10–12 dB more than loop antenna gain. The results of measurement applied in Matlab program to draw the pattern of the antenna

The effect of exercises by using VertiMax device in the development of explosive strength and defensive blocking for handball players

This study aims to prepare special exercises using VertiMax device and to identify the effect of these exercises on the explosive strength and defensive blocking of senior handball players. The researchers have adopted the experimental approach, and the case study is identified by the senior handball players of Al- Dagharah handball club whose number is 16, and their lengths ranged (182.4 ± 3.282 cm), weights (82 ± 4.387 kg) and ages (23 ± 1.846 years). They are divided by a simple random method into two groups by (8) players per group in which the experimental group has used exercise by VertiMax device, while the control group has used team coach exercises. The researchers have conducted the explosive strength and defensive blocking tests of the study sample. The training method has included 3 units per week for a period of 6 weeks using the method of high-intensity interval training. The results of the explosive strength and defensive blocking tests have been presented and analysed. It is concluded that the exercises by using the VertiMax as auxiliary and effective devices can be relied upon in developing the explosive strength and defensive blocking of the handball

Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene (C677T and A1298C) polymorphisms and hyperhomocysteinemia as risk factors for Myocardial Infarction

Conflicting data concerning the association between methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene MTHFR (C677T and A1298C) polymorphisms with or without hyperhomocysteinemia and myocardial infarction exists and data from developing countries is limited thus, a current study initiated to study whether any association exist between the above polymorphisms and myocardial infarction among Kurdish patients from Duhok province/Iraq. A case-control study was performed in Azadi teaching hospital/Duhok/Iraq and included 75 patients with acute myocardial infarction and 75 age and sex-matched normal controls. All the patients and controls had their methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene analyzed for C677T and A1298C polymorphism using polymerase chain reaction/restriction fragment length polymorphism technique as well as their homocysteine level

Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene (C677T and A1298C) polymorphisms and hyperhomocysteinemia as risk factors for Myocardial Infarction

321-324Conflicting data concerning the association between methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene MTHFR (C677T and A1298C) polymorphisms with or without hyperhomocysteinemia and myocardial infarction exists and data from developing countries is limited thus, a current study initiated to study whether any association exist between the above polymorphisms and myocardial infarction among Kurdish patients from Duhok province/Iraq. A case-control study was performed in Azadi teaching hospital/Duhok/Iraq and included 75 patients with acute myocardial infarction and 75 age and sex-matched normal controls. All the patients and controls had their methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase gene analyzed for C677T and A1298C polymorphism using polymerase chain reaction/restriction fragment length polymorphism technique as well as their homocysteine level

The Association of TSHR Gene rs2268458 Polymorphism with Hypothyroidism in Females of Babylon Province-Iraq

الهدف من الدراسة: لتقييم العلاقة بين تعدد الاشكال في الجين TSHR rs2268458 وبعض المعايير الفسلجية البايوكيميائية في النساء اللواتي يعانن من نقص الافراز الدرقي. طرق العمل: تضمنت هذه الدراسة 51 امرأة تعاني من نقص الافراز الدرقي و43 امرأة صحيحة كمجموعة سيطرة. تضمنت الفحوصات الفسلجية والبايوكيميائية كل من مؤشر كتلة الجسم، السايتوكروم، الكالسيوم والفسفور. شملت الفحوصات الهرمونية كل من الاوستيوبونتين ،الهرمون المحفز للدرقية والهرمون الدرقي الحر وهرمون الكالسيتونين. تم اجراء التنميط للجين TSHR rs2268458 باستخدام تقنية ال PCR-RFLP. النتائج: يرتبط تعدد الاشكال بالTSHR rs2268458  مع مرض نقص الافراز الدرقي في النساء العراقيات ويعد الاليل C عامل خطر لمرض نقص الافراز الدرقيOR= 4.393, CI= 1.42- 13.53. . حيث كانت الطرز الوراثية TC  و CC مرتبطة بارتفاع مؤشر كتلة الجسم  بينما ارتبط الطراز الوراثي TC مع المستويات العالية من السايتوكروم CYP4501A1 والكالسيتونين. الاستنتاج: ان تعدد الاشكال بالجين TSHR rs2268458  له علاقة بمرض نقص الافراز الدرقي في النساء العراقيات وان الاليل C  يمكن ان يكون عامل خطر لبعض الاختلالات الهرمونية والمعايير الكيميائية الفسلجية في مريضات نقص الافراز الدرقي.The Aim: To evaluate the association of TSHR gene polymorphism rs2268458 with some Physio-biochemical parameters among hypothyroidism women. Methods: This study included 51 hypothyroidism women and 43 healthy women as a control group. Some Physio-biochemical (body mass index (BMI), cytochrome 450 1A1 (CYP1A1), calcium, and phosphorus) and hormonal assay (Osteopontin (OPN), thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), fT3, fT4 and Calcitonin (CT)) assay were performed. Genotyping of rs-2268458 of TSHR gene was carried out using the polymerase chain reaction-based restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) technique. Results: TSHR rs2268458 was associated with hypothyroidism in Iraqi women and allele C can be a risk factor for disease by OR= 4.393, CI=1.42-13.53 where TC and CC genotypes were associated with high BMI, while TC genotype was associated with high calcitonin and CYP1A1 levels. Conclusion: The TSHR rs2268458 polymorphism was associated with hypothyroidism in Iraqi women and allele C can be a risk factor for some Physio-biochemical and hormonal disorder in hypothyroidism women

Study the correlation between alleles of MCT1 gene and enduring performance in handball players

The current study aimed to determine MCT1 gene A1470T polymorphism is associated it with enduring performance among elite handball players young. The community of study was chosen 100 young players of Iraqi clubs in handball game which their length (171.83 ± 3.060 cm), weight (68.33 ± 2.160 kg) and age (24.4 ± 3.782 years). Genotyping of A1470T polymorphism of the MCT1 gene was done by the PCR-RFLP technique lactate measurement of 100 handball players was examined after testing the endurance of defensive and attack performance. Frequencies of genotypes in 100 players were AA genotype (60%), AT genotype (30%) and TT genotype (10%).The mean of endurance capacity was significantly higher in AA genotype (1.01 ± 0.04 min) versus AT genotype (1.10 ± 0.01 min). (AA + AT) genotypes versus TT genotype (1.14 ± 0.01 min). Mean of blood lactate concentration was significantly higher in AA genotype (16.23 ± 0.35 mMol) versus (AT + TT) genotypes (13.48 ± 0.18; 11.66 ± 0.13 mMol) respectively. We concluded that the MCT1 gene A1470T polymorphism enhances enduring performance in elite handball players

The cfDNA in early cancer detection

Not required.No Abstract No Abstrac