Study and Evaluation of Drainage Water Quality for the Upper Al_Masab Al_A'am Channel

             هناك مشكلة في كمية ونوعية مياه نهر الفرات، لأن الملوحة أعلى من المعدل. الغرض من البحث هو مراقبة نوعية المياه والتحقق من جودة المياه التي تم فحصها وهل هي مناسبة للاستخدام المقصود أم لا. تم إجراء الدراسة من أبو غريب إلى مدينة المسيب للمصب العام في العراق لإجراء تقييم صحيح لمستوى التراكيز وتأثيرها على الري. تم تحليل العينات المجمعة لعناصر مختلفة كيميائيا، والتي تؤثر على نوعية المياه للري، هذه العناصر هي كالسيوم (Ca+2) والصوديوم (Na+) والمغنيسيوم (Mg+2) والكلوريد (Cl-) والبوتاسيوم (K+) والبيكربونات (HCO3-) والنترات (NO3-) والسلفات (SO4-2) والفوسفات(PO4-3) والكربونات (CO3-2) والموصلية الكهربائية (EC) والمواد الصلبة الذائبة كليأ (TDS) وقيم الأس الهيدروجين(PH). تم حساب نسبة امتزاز الصوديوم (SAR) ومحتوى الصوديوم (Na%) وكربونات الصوديوم المتبقية (RCS). كذلك تم فحص جودة مؤشر مياه الري (IWQI) متكامل مع نظم المعلومات الجغرافية من أجل تقييم جودة مياه الصرف لأغراض الري بدقة عالية، لتصنيف مياه البزل، تم أخذ اثني عشر عينة من مياه البزل من أربعة مواقع مختلفة للمنطقة الدراسة. يؤكد تحليل نتائج خرائط (IWQI) أن: 61٪ من مياه البزل في منطقة الدراسة تقع ضمن "تقييد منخفض" و36٪ من منطقة الدراسة تقع ضمن (تقييد معتدل)، في حين أن 3٪ من مياه البزل في منطقة الدراسة مصنفة على أنها (تقييد القيد). لذا، ينبغي استخدام مياه االبزل مع التربة ذات نفاذية عالية مع بعض القيود المفروضة على أنواع النباتات للتسامح المحدد من الأملاح.There is water shortage problem in Euphrates River, with the water quality problem of river water. The important cause behind that need to monitor water quality to verify whether the examined water quality suitable for intended usage or not. The study is conducted Abo-Ghareeb to Al-Masib city for Al_Masab Al_A'am Channel in Iraq to make valid assessment for level of parameters measured and realize their effects on irrigation. The collected samples for different elements were analyzed chemically, which affect water quality for irrigation, These elements are Calcium (Ca+2), Sodium (Na+), Magnesium (Mg+2), Chloride (Cl), Potassium (K+), Bicarbonate (HCO3-), Nitrate (NO3-), Sulfate (SO4-2), Phosphate(PO43), Carbonate (CO3-2), Electrical Conductivity (EC), Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) and pH-values (PH). Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR), Sodium Content (Na %) and Residual Sodium Carbonate (RCS) have been also calculated. The Irrigation Water Quality Index (IWQI) will be examined and  upgraded  (integrated  with  GIS) In  order  assess  the  drainage  water quality for irrigation purposes with a high accuracy, to make classification for drainage water. For this purpose, twelve samples of drainage water were taken from different four location of the study area. The results analysis of (IWQI) maps confirms that: 61% of drainage water in study area falls within "Low restriction" and 36% of study area has water with (Moderate restriction), While 3% of drainage water in study area classified as (Sever  restriction). So, the drainage water should use with soil having high permeability with some constraints imposed on types of plant for specified tolerance of salts

A Review of Optimization to the Operation of a Complex Water Resources System Based on Certain Practical Assumptions and Simplification

تم إعداد هذا البحث لمراجعة التشغيل الأمثل للنظام المعقد للموارد المياه باستخدام البرمجة الديناميكية DP والبرمجة الديناميكية التفاضلية المنفصلة DDDP. بالاضافة الى حل نموذج الامثلية البرمجة الديناميكية النموذجي، تم اعتماد نموذج المحاكاة لتحقيق عملية تقريبية للتشغيل الأمثل قدر الإمكان، والحفاظ على مستوى التخزين والإطلاقات داخل المحددات. من أجل الوصول إلى الحل الأمثل لمشكلة الخزان عمليا، تم استخدام طريقة رقمية للبرمجة الديناميكية لتحديد القرار المتسلسل الامثل، مع الأخذ بعين الاعتبار القيود الفعالة المرتبطة بالمشكلة. البرمجة الديناميكية التفاضلية المنفصلة هو إجراء لحل العديد من المشاكل التي تمت صياغتها بالفعل كمخططات ديناميكية وبالتالي تقليل متطلبات الذاكرة وحفظ الوقت الحسابي. تم تطبيق نموذج الامثلية على عمليتين افتراضيتين تمثلان الحالات القصوى، وهما سنتين متتالية نسبيًا من الرطوبة وسنتين جافتين متتاليتين نسبياً. شكلت بيانات التدفق التاريخي لـ (240) شهرا (من أكتوبر 1988 إلى سبتمبر 2005) كبيانات الإدخال إلى نموذج الامثلية للحصول على منحنيات القاعدة (العلوي، المتوسط ​​، المنخفض). وتم تجنب حالة الفيضان داخل خزان العظيم بشكل كامل وقد أظهرت نظام التشغيل الامثل عجزًا في تلبية متطلبات سد العظيم. وقد بينت النتائج بان التشغيل الامثل للسنتين الرطبتين القصوى مسيطر عليها من ناحية الفيضان ونسبة عجز 9.3–59.1 م3/ثا من أصل 34.2% من الاحتياج الكلي وللسنوات الجافه القصوى 11.8 – 81.2 م3/ثا من أصل% 57.3 من الاحتياج الكلي.This research is set out to review of “optimum the water complex resources system by using dynamic programming DP and Discrete Differential Dynamic Programming DDDP, Beside a solution of formulated DP optimization model, the model of simulation was adopt for achieve the operation as close to optimum operation as possible, with the keep level of storage and releases within their targets”. In aiming at the optimal solution of the reservoir – operation problem, (DP) represents a numerical method which is used to determine the optimal sequential decisions, taking into consideration an effective constraints associated with problem. DDDP is the solution procedure of many problems which already formulated as dynamic – programming ones. It is reduce the memory requirements and save computational time. The Optimization model was applied for “two operations hypothetical represented by the cases of extreme, namely consecutive to the relatively of two wet years and two consecutive the relatively of dry years”. The data to the historical inflow for “(240) months are (from Oct. 1988 to Sep. 2005) was form to the data input to a model of optimization for found rule curves (lower, average and upper)”. A flooding state within Al_Edhaim Resevoir has been fully avoided. “The policy to the optimization of operation is shown a deficiency in satisfying downstream Al-Edhaim Dam demands”. “The optimization of the operation for two consecutive wet years would be full capable controlling expected floods, so as to the deficiency would be from 9.3–59.1 cumecs total of 34.2% of demand, then the optimization of the operation for two consecutive dry years would be from 11.8 – 81.2 cumecs total of 57.3 % of the whole demand"

An Algorithm Based on GSVD for Image Encryption

This paper represents a new image encryption algorithm based on modifying generalized singular value decomposition (GSVD) by decomposing the plain-image into two segments using GSVD with an exchanged key-image to produce the cipher-image. The exchanged key-image is used as an encrypting and decrypting image. Mathematically, this procedure is represented by transforming the plain-image’s matrix into two different matrices and applying the GSVD with the exchanged key-image’s matrix to obtain the cipher-image’s matrix. The two encoded segments can be kept in several places or assigned to a group of authorized persons. No one can obtain the information of the image easily without the knowledge of the decrypting key. This proposed algorithm is represented as one of the digital image encryption techniques used to enhance the security of images that have been sent between recipients

An algorithm based on GSVD for image encryption

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Inhibition Effect ofCopper (Ⅱ) Theophylline Nanocomplex on Phosphodiesterase (PDE) Enzyme Activity in Human Serum of Iraqi Patients with Asthma Disease

Copper (Ⅱ) theophylline [Cu(THP)2(H2O)4] complex in nanoscale has synthesized by ultrasonic sonication method. This method was used in the development of smaller, dispersed, and unaggregated nanoparticles (NPs). The structure of nanocomplex was described and suggested by the molar conductance, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), ultraviolet-visible spectroscopy (UV-Vis), solubility, atomic fire absorption, and C.H.N. elemental analysis as octahedral geometry. The size and morphology of nanocomplex measured by transmission electron microscopy (TEM) were 20 nm. The nanocomplex was studied on phosphodiesterase enzyme activity in human serum of Iraqi patient?s asthma disease. The results showed a highly significant (p < 0.01) increase in the serum levels of phosphodiesterase enzyme activity in asthma patients (mean = 14.939 ± 3.021 ng/mL) compared with a control group (mean = 9.974 ± 2.032 ng/mL). The result also showed a highly significant (p < 0.01) decrease in the serum levels of phosphodiesterase activity in patients of asthma disease with theophylline (mean = 11.253 ± 2.479 ng/mL) compared to serum patients without nano and control groups. It is vital that the result showed a highly significant (p < 0.01) decrease in the serum levels of phosphodiesterase activity in patients of asthma disease with copper nano complex (mean = 9.563 ± 2.082 ng/mL) compared in patients of asthma disease with and without theophylline. As for comparing asthma disease with copper nano complex and control group, the result showed there was no significant effect (p > 0.05)

Global Incidence and Risk Factors Associated With Postoperative Urinary Retention Following Elective Inguinal Hernia Repair

Importance Postoperative urinary retention (POUR) is a well-recognized complication of inguinal hernia repair (IHR). A variable incidence of POUR has previously been reported in this context, and contradictory evidence surrounds potential risk factors.Objective To ascertain the incidence of, explore risk factors for, and determine the health service outcomes of POUR following elective IHR.Design, Setting, and Participants The Retention of Urine After Inguinal Hernia Elective Repair (RETAINER I) study, an international, prospective cohort study, recruited participants between March 1 and October 31, 2021. This study was conducted across 209 centers in 32 countries in a consecutive sample of adult patients undergoing elective IHR.Exposure Open or minimally invasive IHR by any surgical technique, under local, neuraxial regional, or general anesthesia.Main Outcomes and Measures The primary outcome was the incidence of POUR following elective IHR. Secondary outcomes were perioperative risk factors, management, clinical consequences, and health service outcomes of POUR. A preoperative International Prostate Symptom Score was measured in male patients.Results In total, 4151 patients (3882 male and 269 female; median [IQR] age, 56 [43-68] years) were studied. Inguinal hernia repair was commenced via an open surgical approach in 82.2% of patients (n = 3414) and minimally invasive surgery in 17.8% (n = 737). The primary form of anesthesia was general in 40.9% of patients (n = 1696), neuraxial regional in 45.8% (n = 1902), and local in 10.7% (n = 446). Postoperative urinary retention occurred in 5.8% of male patients (n = 224), 2.97% of female patients (n = 8), and 9.5% (119 of 1252) of male patients aged 65 years or older. Risk factors for POUR after adjusted analyses included increasing age, anticholinergic medication, history of urinary retention, constipation, out-of-hours surgery, involvement of urinary bladder within the hernia, temporary intraoperative urethral catheterization, and increasing operative duration. Postoperative urinary retention was the primary reason for 27.8% of unplanned day-case surgery admissions (n = 74) and 51.8% of 30-day readmissions (n = 72).Conclusions The findings of this cohort study suggest that 1 in 17 male patients, 1 in 11 male patients aged 65 years or older, and 1 in 34 female patients may develop POUR following IHR. These findings could inform preoperative patient counseling. In addition, awareness of modifiable risk factors may help to identify patients at increased risk of POUR who may benefit from perioperative risk mitigation strategies

Pancreatic surgery outcomes: multicentre prospective snapshot study in 67 countries

Background: Pancreatic surgery remains associated with high morbidity rates. Although postoperative mortality appears to have improved with specialization, the outcomes reported in the literature reflect the activity of highly specialized centres. The aim of this study was to evaluate the outcomes following pancreatic surgery worldwide.Methods: This was an international, prospective, multicentre, cross-sectional snapshot study of consecutive patients undergoing pancreatic operations worldwide in a 3-month interval in 2021. The primary outcome was postoperative mortality within 90 days of surgery. Multivariable logistic regression was used to explore relationships with Human Development Index (HDI) and other parameters.Results: A total of 4223 patients from 67 countries were analysed. A complication of any severity was detected in 68.7 percent of patients (2901 of 4223). Major complication rates (Clavien-Dindo grade at least IIIa) were 24, 18, and 27 percent, and mortality rates were 10, 5, and 5 per cent in low-to-middle-, high-, and very high-HDI countries respectively. The 90-day postoperative mortality rate was 5.4 per cent (229 of 4223) overall, but was significantly higher in the low-to-middle-HDI group (adjusted OR 2.88, 95 per cent c.i. 1.80 to 4.48). The overall failure-to-rescue rate was 21 percent; however, it was 41 per cent in low-to-middle-compared with 19 per cent in very high-HDI countries.Conclusion: Excess mortality in low-to-middle-HDI countries could be attributable to failure to rescue of patients from severe complications. The authors call for a collaborative response from international and regional associations of pancreatic surgeons to address management related to death from postoperative complications to tackle the global disparities in the outcomes of pancreatic surgery (NCT04652271; ISRCTN95140761)