Impact of Sparse and Dense Deployment of Nodes Under Different Propagation Models in Manets

Mobile Ad-hoc Network (MANET) is the most emerging and fast-expanding technology in the last two decades. One of the major issues and challenging areas in MANET is the process of routing due to dynamic topologies and high mobility of mobile nodes. The efficiency and accuracy of a protocol depend on many parameters in these networks. In addition to other parameters node velocity and propagation models are among them. Calculating signal strength at the receiver is the responsibility of a propagation model while the mobility of nodes is responsible for the topology of the network. A huge amount of loss in performance is occurred due to the variation of signal strength at the receiver and obstacles between transmissions. In this paper,it has been analyzed to check the impact of different propagation models on the performance of Optimized Link State Routing (OLSR) in Sparse and Dense scenarios in MANET. The simulation has been carried out in NS-2 by using performance metrics as average packet drop average latency and average Throughput. The results predicted that propagation models and mobility have a strong impact on the performance of OLSR in considered scenarios

Mechanical properties of carrot fiber - epoxy composite

Interest has largely centered on the use of plant fibers to reinforce plastics, because these fibers are abundant and cheap. Carrot fibers (Curran) have been extracted from carrot, left over from carrot juice manufacture. The fibers of two sizes fine (5

Does multidetector computed tomography unravel the hidden domains of conventional radiography in calcaneal fractures?

Background: The most often fractured bone among the tarsal bones is the calcaneum. The first assessment of the suspected calcaneum fracture is conventional radiography. The modern assessment of calcaneal fractures is mainly based on multidetector computed tomography, because of its three-dimensional nature and Volume rendering techniques. The objective of this study was to compare the diagnostic value of Multidetector CT with Conventional radiography in Calcaneal fractures taking operative data as reference standard. Methods: The patients suspected for calcaneal fracture were subjected to conventional radiography and computed tomographic imaging and results were compared in terms of Sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and Diagnostic accuracy, taking operative/MRI findings as reference standard. Results: We included 68 cases in our study The Sensitivity, specificity and diagnostic accuracy were 92.6%, 33.33%, 82.3% and 98.3%, 71.4%, 95.5% for conventional radiography and MDCT respectively. Conclusions: We settled that MDCT is far ahead of the conventional radiography in complete depiction, diagnosis, characterization and treatment formulation for calcaneal fractures

Serum Interleukin-17 and its Correlation with Anti-CCP antibodies, Vitamin D3, and Obesity in Rheumatoid Arthritis women Patients

Background: Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune disease. Members of the IL-17 cytokine family have various biological functions, including enhancing defense against multiple pathogens while promoting inflammatory pathology during autoimmune disease. Additionally, it has been suggested that vitamin D may be connected to the etiology of RA. Therefore, this study aimed to assess serum IL-17 and vitamin D3 concentrations in RA women and determine how these levels relate to anti-CCP, obesity, and age.Methods: This work included eighty women aged between (22-60) years. Sixty were afflicted with RA and attended the department of rheumatology and medical rehabilitation centre for rheumatic diseases at Rzgary teaching hospital-Erbil, Iraq, compared to twenty healthy women. The concentrations of Anti-CCP antibodies as a diagnostic test, Vitamin D3 and IL-17, were assessed by ELISA. The Mann-Whitney U test and normality were applied for the statistical analysis of the results. Also, the relationship between the study parameters was examined using Pearson's correlation.  The ideal cutoff value for IL-17 with the highest sensitivity and specificity was detected using a Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) Curve.   Results: This study revealed that serum IL-17 levels were significantly higher in RA women than in the control group (p < 0.001) and that serum VD3 levels were significantly lower in RA women than in healthy controls. Seropositive anti-CCP Ab was found in about 42% of RA patients.  The pro-inflammatory IL-17 serum level was positively correlated with vitamin D, age, and obesity in RA women. The best IL-17 cutoff for predicting the presence of RA was 69.5 pg/ML, with a sensitivity of 96% and a specificity of 75%. Conclusion: In patients with RA, vitamin D deficiency was common and correlated with age. Consequently, a high level of suspicion is needed when assessing at-risk patients, particularly women who complain of vitamin D deficiency

Amplification of Environmental Appraisal Coordination at General Hospital Lahore and its Implications to Evaluate Management Review

Quality standards have been a significant achievement for organizations worldwide. Environmental standards should be established in hospitals by coding ISO14001. Hospital water pollution can cause health issues in nearby urban areas and settlements. The study was aimed to estimate, characterize, use, and response to water quality parameters on amplification of environmental coordination at General Hospital Lahore (GHL), and their implications for evaluation in management reviewing. For these purposes, the drinking water samples were collected from different locations in the study area. All these samples were analyzed for different water quality parameters namely, pH, TDS, turbidity, and chloride, and compared with national environmental quality standards (NEQS). All the results and management processeswere also compared with ISO 14001:2015, which indicated the weakness in the general administration framework and Environmental Management System (EMS). The results show that pH 8.6, TDS 1100 mg/l, turbidity 5.5 NTU, and chloride 260 mg/l were exceeding the maximum permissible limits. The present study recommended that GHL water should be treated before its use/ disposal. In the end, an EMS (a policy with protocol) manual was developed for continual improvement of water use. Drinking water quality assessment and EMS framework offer assistance to oversee the water quality and environment in health centers. Drinking water quality management under the guidelines of the environment management system manual developed in this study will greatly help to manage the environment, particularly water pollution in local hospitals of Pakistan

Joy Learning: Smartphone Application For Children With Parkinson Disease

Parkinson's is a Neurologic disorder that not only affects the human body but also their social and personal life. Especially children having the Parkinson's disease come up with infinite difficulties in different areas of life mostly in social interaction, communication, connectedness, and other skills such as thinking, reasoning, learning, remembering. This study gives the solution to learning social skills by using smartphone applications. The children having Parkinson's disease (juvenile) can learn to solve social and common problems by observing real-life situations that cannot be explained properly by instructors. The result shows that the application will enhance their involvement in learning and solving a complex problem

The Impact of Logo Shapes Redesign on Brand Loyalty and Repurchase Intentions through Brand Attitude

The present research intends to investigate the effect of logo shapes redesign on brand loyalty and repurchase intention. The analysis also explores the mediating role of brand attitude between logo shapes redesign, brand loyalty, and repurchase intentions. This analysis utilized convenient non-probability sampling and gathered statistics from 452 students and teachers of the University of Okara, Pakistan. The data collected for the study were analyzed using Smart PLS3.0 and reliability analysis / Cronbach's alpha was undertaken to determine the question's accuracy and validity. The logo shapes redesign reviews significantly effect on brand attitude, further on brand loyalty and also on repurchase intention. Noticeably, logo shapes redesign is strongly related to brand loyalty and repurchase intentions both directly and indirectly. Brand attitude significantly mediates the connection between redesign logo shapes, brand loyalty, and repurchase intentions. Very few studies have explored the relationship between the redesign of logo shapes and brand attitude. Relevantly, the research is the first to demonstrate that a brand's features (e.g. logo) may have a differential effect on consumer reaction based on brand loyalty and repurchase intentions to such an extent those loyal consumers often respond more positively than redesigned logos and repurchase product. Moreover, the research offers prolific implications for loyal customers in the study context. Keywords: Logo shapes redesign, brand attitude, brand loyalty, and repurchase intentions JEL Classification: M310 DOI: https://doi.org/10.32479/irmm.1030

Effect of Teachers’ Favouritism on Academic Sabotage: An Empirical Evidence of Elementary Education Students in Pakistan

Favoritism is the action of giving preference to one group or individual over others regardless of having same privileges. It is a common practice at most of the institutes of education. This study is an effort to impart insight by measuring the effect of teachers&rsquo; favouritism on academic sabotage of future teacher of Elementary Education in Pakistan. This causal comparative study was based on a survey method. A sample of 450 students of session 2015-2017 was selected from the teacher education department of Elementary Education of Pakistan by using simple random sampling technique. Scale developed by Aydogan (2008) used to measure the Favouritism. This scale was consisted of 28 items under four factors: nature of preference, violation of rules, students&rsquo; assessment, and terms of communication. Education sabotage was measured through the scale of nine (9) items developed by Harris and Ogbonna in 2006. The items of both scales were revised to fit in the educational context of Pakistan. Descriptive and inferential statistics (t-test, ANOVA, Pearson Correlation, &amp; Regression Analysis) were applied to analyze the data. Results depicted that according to future teachers&rsquo; perceptions teachers&rsquo; favouritism was at high level. In addition, there was insignificant difference in the perceptions of future teachers regarding teachers&rsquo; favouritism with respect to gender. However, a significant difference was found in the perceptions of students regarding teachers&rsquo; favouritism on the basis of their marital status. Moreover, there was a positive moderate relationship was determined between favouritism and academic sabotage. It is concluded that the teachers&rsquo; favouritism had significant effect on academic sabotage. It is suggested that policy makers may develop a transparent system for avoidance of favoritism in order to make educational institutes more effective and productive. Keywords: Favouritism, Academic Sabotage, Elementary Education