Exploring the influence of video on staff attributions and perceptions regarding challenging behaviour: an innovative approach to group consultation

Exclusion rates for challenging pupil behaviour (CB) are increasing (DfE; SFR-28/2015). Where staff attribute CB to within-child or home-related factors, low perceived self-efficacy, negative attitudes and exclusionary practice amongst staff may increase (Jager & Denessen, 2015). Group problem-solving approaches including Circles of Adults (CoA) aim to facilitate staff attributions. Given their equivocal influence, such approaches require attunement and systematic research (Gulliford, 2015). Based on educational research (Gaudin & Chaliès, 2015), this study explored the impact of video-data within CoA via a mixed method, pre-post-test experimental, cluster randomisation design where staff reviewed video-data (experimental n=20) or, written-data (comparison n=19). Analysis of covariance statistical tests were performed on individual participant data (Attribution & Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaires). Group theories (CoA transcripts) regarding behaviour were analysed via content and statistical analyses; allowing triangulation between qualitative and quantitative data. Participants’ views (Evaluation Questionnaire) were analysed using some statistical analysis and content analysis of narrative comments Findings from individual measures suggest that video-data encouraged staff to think holistically regarding causes of CB. Group data showed that video increased participants’ awareness of school factors whilst providing some insight into child-related factors. An unexpected relative increase in the experimental group’s home-related attributions suggests that CoA processes may have also impacted staff responses and aided holistic formulation, thus the impact of video may be mediated by the accompanying scaffolding and facilitation. Participants in both conditions, particularly in the experimental condition rated the overall CoA, and the added element of data as ‘helpful’. Narrative comments also tenuously suggest that video-data encouraged staff to consider school-factors to a relatively greater degree. Limitations include sample size for group data and reliability of measures. Findings implicate educational and psychological practice, school staff and potentially, pupils. Replication of this study on a larger scale and, use of deductive, qualitative methods will expound current findings

Exploring the influence of video on staff attributions and perceptions regarding challenging behaviour: an innovative approach to group consultation

Exclusion rates for challenging pupil behaviour (CB) are increasing (DfE; SFR-28/2015). Where staff attribute CB to within-child or home-related factors, low perceived self-efficacy, negative attitudes and exclusionary practice amongst staff may increase (Jager & Denessen, 2015). Group problem-solving approaches including Circles of Adults (CoA) aim to facilitate staff attributions. Given their equivocal influence, such approaches require attunement and systematic research (Gulliford, 2015). Based on educational research (Gaudin & Chaliès, 2015), this study explored the impact of video-data within CoA via a mixed method, pre-post-test experimental, cluster randomisation design where staff reviewed video-data (experimental n=20) or, written-data (comparison n=19). Analysis of covariance statistical tests were performed on individual participant data (Attribution & Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaires). Group theories (CoA transcripts) regarding behaviour were analysed via content and statistical analyses; allowing triangulation between qualitative and quantitative data. Participants’ views (Evaluation Questionnaire) were analysed using some statistical analysis and content analysis of narrative comments Findings from individual measures suggest that video-data encouraged staff to think holistically regarding causes of CB. Group data showed that video increased participants’ awareness of school factors whilst providing some insight into child-related factors. An unexpected relative increase in the experimental group’s home-related attributions suggests that CoA processes may have also impacted staff responses and aided holistic formulation, thus the impact of video may be mediated by the accompanying scaffolding and facilitation. Participants in both conditions, particularly in the experimental condition rated the overall CoA, and the added element of data as ‘helpful’. Narrative comments also tenuously suggest that video-data encouraged staff to consider school-factors to a relatively greater degree. Limitations include sample size for group data and reliability of measures. Findings implicate educational and psychological practice, school staff and potentially, pupils. Replication of this study on a larger scale and, use of deductive, qualitative methods will expound current findings

Youth Knowledge, Attitude and Practices about Malaria in District Layyah Punjab

Purpose: The present study is undertaken to examine youth knowledge, attitude and practices about malaria in district Layyah Punjab. There is little evidence that studies have been conducted to evaluate knowledge, attitudes and practices of youth about malaria prevention. Thus the aim of the study is to explore the knowledge, attitude and practice of community youth about malaria prevention and management. A standardized structured questionnaire with Multiple Choice Questions was developed. Respondents was selected through simple random sample and questionnaire were used for data collection Thereafter the data were coded and entered in computer for analysis with SPSS and later for interpretation. The majority of respondents who participated in this study had positive attitude and with sufficient knowledge with low practices regarding malaria control and prevention. The findings of the study indicate that if people are supplied with accurate knowledge through appropriate channels, they may eventually have good practices in malaria prevention and management. Regular training on malaria prevention and management is necessary to address the knowledge gap revealed in the study

Real‐world evidence on clinical outcomes of people with type 1 diabetes using open‐source and commercial automated insulin dosing systems: A systematic review

Aims: Several commercial and open-source automated insulin dosing (AID) systems have recently been developed and are now used by an increasing number of people with diabetes (PwD). This systematic review explored the current status of real-world evidence on the latest available AID systems in helping to understand their safety and effectiveness. Methods: A systematic review of real-world studies on the effect of commercial and open-source AID system use on clinical outcomes was conducted employing a devised protocol (PROSPERO ID 257354). Results: Of 441 initially identified studies, 21 published 2018-2021 were included: 12 for Medtronic 670G; one for Tandem Control-IQ; one for Diabeloop DBLG1; two for AndroidAPS; one for OpenAPS; one for Loop; three comparing various types of AID systems. These studies found that several types of AID systems improve Time-in-Range and haemoglobin A1c (HbA1c ) with minimal concerns around severe hypoglycaemia. These improvements were observed in open-source and commercially developed AID systems alike. Conclusions: Commercially developed and open-source AID systems represent effective and safe treatment options for PwD of several age groups and genders. Alongside evidence from randomized clinical trials, real-world studies on AID systems and their effects on glycaemic outcomes are a helpful method for evaluating their safety and effectiveness

Verbal Design: A Participatory Design Approach with Illiterate Patient User Groups

This paper presents a Participatory Design approach focused on applying primarily Verbal Design techniques working alongside illiterate People with Diabetes (PWD) from low socio-economic groups in Pakistan. After gathering a set of initial findings through classic Participatory Design and encountering several challenges, we discuss the development of our Verbal Design Approach in response which uses Narrative Scoping and Persona along with Invisible Design videos to structure and drive discussion and document design. Preliminary work showed that the approach resonated with our illiterate participants

University student attitudes to prosocial bystander behaviours

Purpose: Half of British university students experience assault and harassment behaviours; few report them. Bystander intervention training has been recommended as a means of reducing these behaviours, but there is little evidence about their potential effectiveness in UK contexts. This study sought to understand UK students’ attitudes towards reporting and intervening in sexual assault, harassment, and hate crimes. Design: A mixed methods cross sectional survey (N=201; 75.6% women) was conducted in one British university. Open text data were analysed using thematic analysis. Findings: Students considered harassment and assault unacceptable, and were confident to intervene in and likely to report incidents. However, fear of backlash was a barrier to intervening and reporting, and they felt that victims should decide whether to report incidents. Students perceived perpetrators as being ignorant about what constitutes consent, harassment, and assault. They identified a need for university community education about this and how to report incidents and support peers. Research limitations/implications: This cross sectional survey was conducted at one UK University. The data might not reflect other students’ attitudes, and may be subject to response bias. Practical implications: University community bystander training should be acceptable, report and support systems might be utilised by students. This may have potential to reduce prevalence and increase reporting. Originality: This is the first study to investigate UK student attitudes to prosocial bystander behaviours

Ultra-Fast Retroactive Processing by MetAlign of Liquid-Chromatography High-Resolution Full-Scan Orbitrap Mass Spectrometry Data in WADA Human Urine Sample Monitoring Program

Rationale: The World Antidoping Agency (WADA) Monitoring program concentrates analytical data from the WADA Accredited Laboratories for substances which are not prohibited but whose potential misuse must be known. The WADA List of Monitoring substances is updated annually, where substances may be removed, introduced or transferred to the Prohibited List, depending on the prevalence of their use. Retroactive processing of old sample datafiles has the potential to create information for the prevalence of use of candidate substances for the Monitoring List in previous years. MetAlign is a freeware software with functionality to reduce the size of liquid chromatography (LC)/high-resolution (HR) full-scan (FS) mass spectrometry (MS) datafiles and to perform a fast search for the presence of substances in thousands of reduced datafiles. Methods: Validation was performed to the search procedure of MetAlign applied to Anti-Doping Lab Qatar (ADLQ)-screened LC/HR-FS-MS reduced datafiles originated from antidoping samples for tramadol (TRA), ecdysterone (ECDY) and the ECDY metabolite 14-desoxyecdysterone (DESECDY) of the WADA Monitoring List. Searching parameters were related to combinations of accurate masses and retention times (RTs). Results: MetAlign search validation criteria were based on the creation of correct identifications, false positives (FPs) and false negatives (FNs). The search for TRA in 7410 ADLQ routine LC/HR-FS-MS datafiles from the years 2017 to 2020 revealed no false identification (FPs and FNs) compared with the ADLQ WADA reports. ECDY and DESECDY were detected by MetAlign search in approximately 5% of the same cohort of antidoping samples. Conclusions: MetAlign is a powerful tool for the fast retroactive processing of old reduced datafiles collected in screening by LC/HR-FS-MS to reveal the prevalence of use of antidoping substances. The current study proposed the validation scheme of the MetAlign search procedure, to be implemented per individual substance in the WADA Monitoring program, for the elimination of FNs and FPs.</p