Pengembangan Perangkat Lunak Manajemen Koneksi Internet Untuk Soho

Untuk bisa mengakses Internet, komputer harus terhubung ke Internet melalui Internet Service Provider dan menggunakan IP address Internet. Jumlah IP address Internet saat ini (IPv4) sangat terbatas, oleh karena itu penggunaannya dibatasi dan diatur dengan sistem sewa yang cukup mahal. Alternatif koneksi Internet yang paling murah dan umum digunakan adalah Dial-up, komputer client akan otomatis menggunakan IP address dynamic yang disewakan selama kita terkoneksi. Apabila pada Local Area Network terdapat beberapa komputer yang ingin menggunakan Internet secara bersamaan apakah harus dilakukan Dial-up untuk tiap komputer ? Tidak, terdapat 2 alternativ Internet-Sharing yakni Masquerading dan Proxy. Saat ini terdapat beberapa software yang menyediakan solusi Internet-Sharing dengan Masquerading atau Proxy yang berbasis sistem operasi Windows. Permasalahannya software tersebut tidak handal (lambat dan sering hang) dan tidak aman karena banyaknya celah keamanan pada sistem operasi Windows seperti Denial-of-Service dan Trojan. Penggunaan Internet yang tidak terkontrol pada suatu Perusahaan dapat menyebabkan efek yang kontraproduktiv pada karyawan, oleh karena itu diperlukan manajemen akses Internet yang efektiv, efisien dan mudah digunakan. Pada makalah ini dikembangkan solusi Internet-Sharing dan Manajemen Koneksi Internet yang handal, aman, fleksibel dan mudah digunakan. Untuk Internet-Sharing menggunakan fasilitas Masquerading yang terdapat pada kernel Linux 2.2 yang terbukti handal dan aman. Sistem manajemen koneksi dan konfigurasi didesain berbasis Web agar mudah digunakan oleh network administrator dan karyawan. Sistem ini juga cocok diaplikasikan pada Internet Café/Warung Internet

Feasibility of LoRa Implementation for Remote Weather Monitoring System through Field Measurement and Case Study Analysis

This paper discusses the feasibility of Long Range Wide-area network (LoRa-WAN) implementation for weather data collection and transmission in remote locations, specifically in east Malaysia. Currently, Malaysia Meteorological Department (MetMalaysia) has installed more than 100 weather stations around Malaysia, and out of this number, there are many stations, mostly in east Malaysia that are dependent on Very Small Aperture Terminal (VSAT) services for data transmission due to unavailability of mobile coverage. Due to significant cost of VSAT subscription, LoRa communication is proposed as an alternative solution due to its low power, low-cost, and long range characteristics. In this paper, the study has been performed through two stages; first, technical performance of LoRa network was validated through field measurement in urban areas to determine the actual LoRa characteristics in real condition. In the measurement, a LoRa module operating at 433 MHz was used to demonstrate a single channel LoRa gateway that acted as a bridge to communicate between LoRa node to IP network. Parameters such as received power spectrum and free space path loss were recorded for analysis. Second, based on the measured data, extrapolation of maximum feasible distance of LoRa signal propagation was done to analyze the viability of implementing LoRa in various locations of existing weather stations in Sabah and Sarawak. Two case studies are presented in this paper, with the aim to evaluate the suitable location of LoRa gateway to establish communication with the existing weather stations when LoRa network is used. Detailed link budget analysis was performed for each scenario. Based on the comparison between theoretical and measurement, the power transmitted from LoRa node shows inconsistent readings throughout the day, suspected due to the changes in spread factor that has been automatically set by the module. Nevertheless, taking into account this factor, it was found that the transmission range was adequate for some remote locations. Meanwhile, for some locations that are separated too far from each other, higher power is needed to allow consistent communication

Cross-cultural comparison of mental illness stigma and help-seeking attitudes: a multinational population-based study from 16 Arab countries and 10,036 individuals

BackgroundThere is evidence that culture deeply affects beliefs about mental illnesses\u27 causes, treatment, and help-seeking. We aimed to explore and compare knowledge, attitudes toward mental illness and help-seeking, causal attributions, and help-seeking recommendations for mental illnesses across various Arab countries and investigate factors related to attitudes toward help-seeking.MethodsWe carried out a multinational cross-sectional study using online self-administered surveys in the Arabic language from June to November 2021 across 16 Arab countries among participants from the general public.ResultsMore than one in four individuals exhibited stigmatizing attitudes towards mental illness (26.5%), had poor knowledge (31.7%), and hold negative attitudes toward help-seeking (28.0%). ANOVA tests revealed a significant difference between countries regarding attitudes (F = 194.8, p \u3c .001), knowledge (F = 88.7, p \u3c .001), and help-seeking attitudes (F = 32.4, p \u3c .001). Three multivariate regression analysis models were performed for overall sample, as well as Palestinian and Sudanese samples that displayed the lowest and highest ATSPPH-SF scores, respectively. In the overall sample, being female, older, having higher knowledge and more positive attitudes toward mental illness, and endorsing biomedical and psychosocial causations were associated with more favorable help-seeking attitudes; whereas having a family psychiatric history and endorsing religious/supernatural causations were associated with more negative help-seeking attitudes. The same results have been found in the Palestinian sample, while only stigma dimensions helped predict help-seeking attitudes in Sudanese participants.ConclusionInterventions aiming at improving help-seeking attitudes and behaviors and promoting early access to care need to be culturally tailored, and congruent with public beliefs about mental illnesses and their causations

Socio-demographic determinants of Toxoplasma gondii seroprevalence in migrant workers of Peninsular Malaysia

Background The number of migrants working in Malaysia has increased sharply since the 1970’s and there is concern that infectious diseases endemic in other (e.g. neighbouring) countries may be inadvertently imported. Compulsory medical screening prior to entering the workforce does not include parasitic infections such as toxoplasmosis. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the seroprevalence of T. gondii infection among migrant workers in Peninsular Malaysia by means of serosurveys conducted on a voluntary basis among low-skilled and semi-skilled workers from five working sectors, namely, manufacturing, food service, agriculture and plantation, construction and domestic work. Methods A total of 484 migrant workers originating from rural locations in neighbouring countries, namely, Indonesia (n = 247, 51.0%), Nepal (n = 99, 20.5%), Bangladesh (n = 72, 14.9%), India (n = 52, 10.7%) and Myanmar (n = 14, 2.9%) were included in this study. Results The overall seroprevalence of T. gondii was 57.4% (n = 278; 95% CI: 52.7–61.8%) with 52.9% (n = 256; 95% CI: 48.4–57.2%) seropositive for anti-Toxoplasma IgG only, 0.8% (n = 4; 95% CI: 0.2–1.7%) seropositive for anti-Toxoplasma IgM only and 3.7% (n = 18; 95% CI: 2.1–5.4%) seropositive with both IgG and IgM antibodies. All positive samples with both IgG and IgM antibodies showed high avidity (> 40%), suggesting latent infection. Age (being older than 45 years), Nepalese nationality, manufacturing occupation, and being a newcomer in Malaysia (excepting domestic work) were positively and statistically significantly associated with seroprevalence (P < 0.05). Conclusions The results of this study suggest that better promotion of knowledge about parasite transmission is required for both migrant workers and permanent residents in Malaysia. Efforts should be made to encourage improved personal hygiene before consumption of food and fluids, thorough cooking of meat and better disposal of feline excreta from domestic pets

Prospects for the development of probiotics and prebiotics for oral applications

There has been a paradigm shift towards an ecological and microbial community-based approach to understanding oral diseases. This has significant implications for approaches to therapy and has raised the possibility of developing novel strategies through manipulation of the resident oral microbiota and modulation of host immune responses. The increased popularity of using probiotic bacteria and/or prebiotic supplements to improve gastrointestinal health has prompted interest in the utility of this approach for oral applications. Evidence now suggests that probiotics may function not only by direct inhibition of, or enhanced competition with, pathogenic micro-organisms, but also by more subtle mechanisms including modulation of the mucosal immune system. Similarly, prebiotics could promote the growth of beneficial micro-organisms that comprise part of the resident microbiota. The evidence for the use of pro or prebiotics for the prevention of caries or periodontal diseases is reviewed, and issues that could arise from their use, as well as questions that still need to be answered, are raised. A complete understanding of the broad ecological changes induced in the mouth by probiotics or prebiotics will be essential to assess their long-term consequences for oral health and disease