Dynamic Ecological System Analysis

This article develops a new mathematical method for holistic analysis of nonlinear dynamic compartmental systems through the system decomposition theory. The method is based on the novel dynamic system and subsystem partitioning methodologies through which compartmental systems are decomposed to the utmost level. The dynamic system and subsystem partitioning enable tracking the evolution of the initial stocks, environmental inputs, and intercompartmental system flows, as well as the associated storages derived from these stocks, inputs, and flows individually and separately within the system. Moreover, the transient and the dynamic direct, indirect, acyclic, cycling, and transfer (diact) flows and associated storages transmitted along a given flow path or from one compartment, directly or indirectly, to any other are analytically characterized, systematically classified, and mathematically formulated. Further, the article develops a dynamic technique based on the diact transactions for the quantitative classification of interspecific interactions and the determination of their strength within food webs. Major concepts and quantities of the current static network analyses are also extended to nonlinear dynamic settings and integrated with the proposed dynamic measures and indices within the proposed unifying mathematical framework. Therefore, the proposed methodology enables a holistic view and analysis of ecological systems. We consider that this methodology brings a novel complex system theory to the service of urgent and challenging environmental problems of the day and has the potential to lead the way to a more formalistic ecological science.Comment: 45 pages, 15 figures. arXiv admin note: substantial text overlap with arXiv:1811.11885, arXiv:1811.1042

\u3ci\u3eArdoinia\u3c/i\u3e Nom. Nov., A Replacement Name for the Genus \u3ci\u3eOrghidania\u3c/i\u3e Ardoin, 1977 (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) Non Capuse, 1971

A replacement name Ardoinia is proposed for the genus Orghidania Ardoin, 1977 in the family Tenebrionidae

Sustainability of Current Account for Turkey: Intertemporal Solvency Approach

This paper examines sustainability of current account for Turkey during the period 1987:1-2002:4. Using the usual intertemporal borrowing constraint, we have tested for a long-run relationship between two Turkey exports measures and imports measures (measured real terms and percentage to real GDP) using quarterly data. In our empirical analysis of the sustainability of current account for Turkey, cointegration approaches have been used. Empirical results suggest that there exists a unique long-run or equilibrium relationship among real exports and imports and their percentage to real GDP and their estimated cointegration factor, , is very close to 1. The empirical findings suggest that the current account of Turkey is sustainable in the long run.Current account deficits; Sustainability; Intertemporal budget constraint

Consumption Patterns of Major Food Items in Turkey

Demand estimates for food not only provide information bases to characterise food demand structure, but also provide a complete and consistent framework to evaluate the impacts of policy changes, since both price policies and the human capital policies related to health and nutrition are closely related to the determination of expenditure (or income) elasticities. This study attempts to produce a complete set of expenditure and price elasticities based on the estimates of food demand parameters in Turkey. The Linear Expenditure System (LES) is estimated using the last available cross-section budget survey data. The estimates throw light on certain characteristics of Turkish household behaviour that has some consequences for government policies.

Approximate analytical solutions of Dirac Equation with spin and pseudo spin symmetries for the diatomic molecular potentials plus a tensor term with any angular momentum

Approximate analytical solutions of the Dirac equation are obtained for some diatomic molecular potentials plus a tensor interaction with spin and pseudospin symmetries with any angular momentum. We find the energy eigenvalue equations in the closed form and the spinor wave functions by using an algebraic method. We also perform numerical calculations for the P\"oschl-Teller potential to show the effect of the tensor interaction. Our results are consistent with ones obtained before