Can Black Holes Decay to Naked Singularities?

We investigate thermodynamic properties of two types of asymptotically anti-de Sitter spacetimes: black holes and singular scalar field spacetimes. We describe the possibility that thermodynamic phase transitions can transform one spacetime into another, suggesting that black holes can radiate to naked singularities.Comment: 5 pages, Essay for 2001 Gravity Research Foundation competition, to appear in IJMP

Financial Sector Reforms and International Trade Competitiveness: A Case Study of Pakistan

This paper explores the relationship between financial development and international trade competitiveness in the case of Pakistan. An earlier study on this issue, Hanif and Jafri (2008), has some empirical limitations as it is based on Engle-Granger (1987) two steps procedure while dealing with multiple variables regressions. In this study we have used ARDL model by Pesaran, Shin and Smith (1999). We have also applied Johansen test for cointegration and checked the robustness of results established by the ARDL model. We have estimated the cointegration vector using Stock and Watson (1993) dynamic OLS method. We find a stable long run positive relationship between international trade competitiveness of Pakistan and its financial sector development. The estimated external finance elasticity of international trade competitiveness of textile sector in Pakistan is found to be 0.26 which is significantly higher than 0.17 estimated by Hanif and Jafri (2008).Financial Development, Competitiveness

Perlindungan Hukum terhadap Pemegang Polis Asuransi Menurut UU No. 40 Tahun 2014 Tentang Perasuransian

Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan tujuan untuk mengetahui bagaimana pengaturan perlindungan hukum bagi pemegang polis asuransi dan bagaimana akibat hukum terhadap tidak ditempatinya perjanjian asuransi. Dengan menggunakan metode penelitian yuridis normative disimpulkan: 1. Pemegang polis asuransi sebagai pihak yang mengikatkan diri dengan Perusahaan asuransi melalui perjanjian asuransi mendapat perlindungan hukum dalam berbagai peraturan Perundang-undangan seperti dalam Undang-Undang No. 21 Tahun 2011 tentang Otoritas Jasa Keuangan, Undang-Undang No. 40 Tahun 2014 tentang Perasuransian, serta dalam Peraturan Otoritas Jasa Keuangan No. 1/POJK.07/2013 tentang Perlindungan Konsumen Sektor Jasa Keuangan. Mengingat pemegang polis asuransi pada umumnya bersifat perorangan atau individual dan tidak sedikit yang kondisi ekonominya yang lemah berhadapan dengan Perusahaan asuransi, maka sejumlah peraturan Perundangan tersebut lebih menaruh perhatian dan perlindungan hukum kepada pemegang polis asuransi dari kemungkinan atau peluang pelanggaran hukum oleh Perusahaan asuransi. 2. Akibat hukum pelanggaran terhadap perjanjian asuransi akan dihadapi oleh pelanggarnya, yang dalam hal ini akan berakibat adanya tuntutan hukum yang dapat diselesaikan melalui jalur pengadilan atau melalui arbitrase dan alternatif penyelesaian sengketa. Klain asuransi yang sukar diperoleh atau berbelit-belit pengurusannya, merupakan titik awal adanya persengketaan di antara para pihak oleh karena telah terjadi wanprestasi dengan segala konsekuensi atau akibat hukumnya

Organisasi dan Hubungan Kerja Nelayan Lungkak Tanjung Luar di Lombok Timur NTB

Lungkak fi shing community is a type of catcher and hunter fi sh. They use this strategy to get morefi sh. This type is a conventional type of fi shing communities in general. Lungkak Fishermen use a varietyof technology systems to capture and hunt fi sh. As for using various kinds and types of boats and fi shinggear. With this type of fi shing is catching and hunting fi sh Lungkak fi shing communities and organizationscreate a strong working relationship fi shermen to take advantage of marine fi sheries resources. Traditionalsocial organization found in almost the same Lungkak fi shermen fi shing communities in Indonesia thatis familiar with the concept of patron client. In fi shing communities Lungkak known Ponggawe (boss)and Sabi (men / labor). In addition there is also the division of tasks between the owners / bosses andsubordinates. This division of tasks ranging from before the sea or the preparation, execution of fi shingactivities and the activities after the return from the sea. In fi shing communities Lungkak a Ponggaweusually recruit a Sabi because of family relation. A punggawe recruit their own relatives as Sabi. Sharingsystem on the Tanjung Luar Lungkak fi shing communities also called Sadoh. Sadoh is a calculation rulefor the outcome of any fi shermen after fi shing

Spherically symmetric scalar field collapse in any dimension

We describe a formalism and numerical approach for studying spherically symmetric scalar field collapse for arbitrary spacetime dimension d and cosmological constant Lambda. The presciption uses a double null formalism, and is based on field redefinitions first used to simplify the field equations in generic two-dimensional dilaton gravity. The formalism is used to construct code in which d and Lambda are input parameters. The code reproduces known results in d = 4 and d = 6 with Lambda = 0. We present new results for d = 5 with zero and negative Lambda.Comment: 16 pages, 6 figures, typos corrected, presentational changes, PRD in pres

An epidemiologic study of cystitis among Muslim women attending an out-patients clinic in Karachi

Cystitis is considered to be one of the most common infections afflicting women of all age groups. It has been suggested that personal hygiene customs may influence the prevalence of cystitis. In this study, 130 women of child bearing age attending the out-patients clinic were interviewed in order to determine the frequency of cystitis and its associated risk factors including personal hygiene practices. Twenty seven percent of the women reported suffering from cystitis atleast once in the past, comparable to reported studies from the United States but higher than reported from other Muslim countries. Sixty-three percent of women reported their first episode during pregnancy and a significant relationship was observed between parity and cystitis (p value \u3c 0.000). However, personal hygiene practices following micturition or sexual intercourse bore no significant association with cystitis. Cystitis, commonly reported among Pakistani married women, occurs primarily during pregnancy. Preventive measures during pregnancy are suggested

The Husain-Kuchar Model: Time Variables and Non-degenerate Metrics

We study the Husain-Kuchar model by introducing a new action principle similar to the self-dual action used in the Ashtekar variables approach to Quantum Gravity. This new action has several interesting features; among them, the presence of a scalar time variable that allows the definition of geometric observables without adding new degrees of freedom, the appearance of a natural non-degenerate four-metric and the possibility of coupling ordinary matter.Comment: LaTeX, 22 pages, accepted for publication in Phys. Rev.

Scalar field collapse in three-dimensional AdS spacetime

We describe results of a numerical calculation of circularly symmetric scalar field collapse in three spacetime dimensions with negative cosmological constant. The procedure uses a double null formulation of the Einstein-scalar equations. We see evidence of black hole formation on first implosion of a scalar pulse if the initial pulse amplitude $A$ is greater than a critical value $A_*$. Sufficiently near criticality the apparent horizon radius $r_{AH}$ grows with pulse amplitude according to the formula $r_{AH} \sim (A-A_*)^{0.81}$.Comment: 10 pages, 1 figure; references added, to appear in CQG(L

Pengaruh Variasi Temperatur Austenisasi Pada Proses Heat Treatment Quenching Terhadap Sifat Mekanik Dan Struktur Mikro Friction Wedge AISI 1340

Permasalahan yang sering timbul dalam pembuatan friction wedge AISI 1340 adalah adanya Crack yang terjadi setelah proses quenching dalam pembuatan friction wedge. Kemungkinan penyebab kegagalan yang terjadi yakni kurang tepatnya perlakuan panas yang dilakukan.Oleh karena itu perlu adanya suatu penelitian untuk mencari perlakuan panas yang tepat. . Metodologi yang digunakan adalah heat treatment quenching dengan variasi temperatur austenisasi 830°C, 850°C, 870°C dan 920°C dengan waktu penahanan 20 menit, kemudian didinginkan cepat dengan media pendingin oli. Hasil dari penelitian ini adalah semua spesimen hasil treatment memenuhi standar kekerasan friction wedge. Nilai kekerasan naik seiring naiknya temperatur austenisasi. Hasil paling baik didapat dari spesimen heat treatment quenching di media pendingin oli pada temperatur austenisasi 830oC dengan nilai kekerasan 458 BHN, tidak ada Crack yang terjadi dan memiliki nilai elongasi yang paling rendah yaitu 0,43%, sehingga bisa tahan pada temperatur kerja daripada spesimen yang lain. Struktur mikro yang dihasilkan berupa martensit dan austenit sisa. Dari pengujian XRD didapatkan fasa Fe1.91 C0.09 (Martensit BCT) dan Fe15.1 C (Austenit FCC)