5,639 research outputs found
The 6-vertex model of hydrogen-bonded crystals with bond defects
It is shown that the percolation model of hydrogen-bonded crystals, which is
a 6-vertex model with bond defects, is completely equivalent with an 8-vertex
model in an external electric field. Using this equivalence we solve exactly a
particular 6-vertex model with bond defects. The general solution for the
Bethe-like lattice is also analyzed.Comment: 13 pages, 6 figures; added references for section
Functional Partitioning of Yeast Co-Expression Networks after Genome Duplication
Several species of yeast, including the baker's yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae, underwent a genome duplication roughly 100 million years ago. We analyze genetic networks whose members were involved in this duplication. Many networks show detectable redundancy and strong asymmetry in their interactions. For networks of co-expressed genes, we find evidence for network partitioning whereby the paralogs appear to have formed two relatively independent subnetworks from the ancestral network. We simulate the degeneration of networks after duplication and find that a model wherein the rate of interaction loss depends on the âneighborlinessâ of the interacting genes produces networks with parameters similar to those seen in the real partitioned networks. We propose that the rationalization of network structure through the loss of pair-wise gene interactions after genome duplication provides a mechanism for the creation of semi-independent daughter networks through the division of ancestral functions between these daughter networks
Stochastic models which separate fractal dimension and Hurst effect
Fractal behavior and long-range dependence have been observed in an
astonishing number of physical systems. Either phenomenon has been modeled by
self-similar random functions, thereby implying a linear relationship between
fractal dimension, a measure of roughness, and Hurst coefficient, a measure of
long-memory dependence. This letter introduces simple stochastic models which
allow for any combination of fractal dimension and Hurst exponent. We
synthesize images from these models, with arbitrary fractal properties and
power-law correlations, and propose a test for self-similarity.Comment: 8 pages, 2 figure
MST Resistive Wall Tearing Mode Simulations
The Madison Symmetric Torus (MST) is a toroidal device that, when operated as
a tokamak, is resistant to disruptions. Unlike most tokamaks, the MST plasma is
surrounded by a close fitting highly conducting wall, with a resistive wall
penetration time two orders of magnitude longer than in JET or DIII-D, and
three times longer than in ITER. The MST can operate with edge q_a < 2, unlike
standard tokamaks. Simulations presented here indicate that the MST is unstable
to resistive wall tearing modes (RWTMs) and resistive wall modes (RWMs). They
could in principle cause disruptions, but the predicted thermal quench time is
much longer than the experimental pulse time. If the MST thermal quench time
were comparable to measurements in JET and DIII-D, theory and simulations
predict that disruptions would have been observed in MST. This is consistent
with the modeling herein, predicting that disruptions are caused by RWTMs and
RWMs. In the low q_a regime of MST, the RWTM asymptotically satisfies the RWM
dispersion relation. The transition from RWTM to RWM occurs smoothly at q_a =
m/n, where m,n are poloidal and toroidal mode numbers
Rehabilitation interventions to modify physical frailty in adults before lung transplantation: A systematic review protocol
Introduction: Lung transplantation is the gold standard treatment for end-stage lung disease for a small group of patients meeting strict acceptance criteria after optimal medical management has failed. Physical frailty is prevalent in lung transplant candidates and has been linked to worse outcomes both on the waiting list and postoperatively. Exercise has been proven to be beneficial in optimising exercise capacity and quality of life in lung transplant candidates but its impact on physical frailty is unknown. This review aims to assess the effectiveness of exercise interventions in modifying physical frailty for adults awaiting lung transplantation. Methods and Analysis: This protocol was prospectively registered on the PROSPERO database. We will search four databases plus trials registries to identify primary studies of adult candidates for lung transplantation undertaking exercise interventions and assessing outcomes pertaining to physical frailty. Studies must include at least ten participants. Article screening will be performed by two researchers independently at each stage. Extraction will be performed by one reviewer and checked by a second. The risk of bias in studies will be assessed by two independent reviewers using tools appropriate for the research design of each study; where appropriate we will use Cochrane risk of bias 2 or ROBINS-I. At each stage of the review process discrepancies will be resolved through consensus or consultation with a third reviewer. Meta-analyses of frailty outcomes, will be performed if possible and appropriate as will pre-specified subgroup and sensitivity analyses. Where we are unable to perform meta-analysis we will conduct narrative synthesis following SWiM guidance. The review will be reported using the PRISMA Checklist.Ethics and Dissemination: No ethical issues are predicted due to the nature of this study. Dissemination will occur via conference abstracts, professional networks, peer reviewed journals and patient support groups. Registration Details: PROSPERO registration number CRD42022363730
Possibility between earthquake and explosion seismogram differentiation by discrete stochastic non-Markov processes and local Hurst exponent analysis
The basic purpose of the paper is to draw the attention of researchers to new
possibilities of differentiation of similar signals having different nature.
One of examples of such kind of signals is presented by seismograms containing
recordings of earthquakes (EQ's) and technogenic explosions (TE's). We propose
here a discrete stochastic model for possible solution of a problem of strong
EQ's forecasting and differentiation of TE's from the weak EQ's. Theoretical
analysis is performed by two independent methods: with the use of statistical
theory of discrete non-Markov stochastic processes (Phys. Rev. E62,6178 (2000))
and the local Hurst exponent. Time recordings of seismic signals of the first
four dynamic orthogonal collective variables, six various plane of phase
portrait of four dimensional phase space of orthogonal variables and the local
Hurst exponent have been calculated for the dynamic analysis of the earth
states. The approaches, permitting to obtain an algorithm of strong EQ's
forecasting and to differentiate TE's from weak EQ's, have been developed.Comment: REVTEX +12 ps and jpg figures. Accepted for publication in Phys. Rev.
E, December 200
Predicting Allograft Requirement in the Management of Patients With Major Burn Injuries
âą Early debridement and coverage of burn wounds saves lives.
âą Allograft is the âgold-standardâ for temporary coverage of acute burns
- âŠ