Cultural Humility in Libraries

Purpose: The purpose of this article is to introduce the idea of cultural humility, distinguish it from cultural competence, and argue that it has a role in librarianship. Design/methodology/approach: We use an interdisciplinary exploration of the concept of humility to understand what cultural humility means and how it differs from cultural competence and other approaches to intercultural communication in libraries. Findings: Despite some reservations with the term itself, we find that a practice of cultural humility is more appropriate to front-line interactions in library contexts than cultural competence models. Practical implications: Libraries looking to address issues in intercultural communication and services to multicultural populations will find an approach that may be better suited to their contexts than prevailing models of cultural competency. Social implications: Librarians need to commit to redressing the power imbalances and other structural issues that interfere with library service, for the benefit of the patrons, the library, and librarians themselves. Originality/value: While cultural humility is increasingly being used in librarianship, there has not been a systematic exploration of the concept and how it applies to library contexts

The Child Outcomes of a Behavior Model

Within 3-tier behavioral models, universal interventions are expected to prevent the onset of problem behavior in a majority of children altogether and to sustain improvements in child outcomes by the selected and indicated interventions. A cohort longitudinal design was used to assess the extent to which a 3-tier model achieves these expected outcomes. The respective universal, selected, and indicated interventions included Behavior and Academic Support and Enhancement. First Step to Success, and MultiSystemic Therapy. A total of 407 children in Grades K-3 from 1 of 4 longitudinal cohorts participated. The results of 2-level linear growth analyses indicate that the 3-tier behavior model achieved the anticipated outcomes with respect to social behavior. The results, limitations, and implications are discussed

Up to the challenge?: hormonal and behavioral responses of free-ranging male Cassin's sparrows, Peucaea cassinii, to conspecific song playback

The Challenge Hypothesis postulates that male vertebrates can respond to social challenges, such as simulated territorial intrusions (STI), by rapidly increasing their concentrations of plasma androgens, such as testosterone (T). This increase may facilitate the expression of aggressive behavior and lead to persistence of this behavior even after withdrawal of the challenge, thus potentially promoting territoriality and the probability of winning future challenges. The validity of the Challenge Hypothesis was investigated in socially monogamous free-ranging male Cassin’s Sparrows, Peucaea cassinii. Exposure to STI at the beginning of the vernal nesting season stimulated aggressive behavior but did not increase plasma T. Furthermore, plasma T did not correlate with the duration of exposure to STI and the behavioral response to STI did not differ in males that were challenged a second time shortly after the first challenge. As birds were investigated at a stage of their reproductive cycle when plasma T is presumably seasonally high due to photostimulation, the lack of hormonal response to STI may have been due to the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis secreting hormones at maximum rates. This was not the case, however, because administration of gonadotropin-releasing hormone I (GnRH-I) rapidly stimulated the secretion of luteinizing hormone (LH) and T, and treatment with ovine LH rapidly stimulated T secretion

Muir‐Torre syndrome appropriate use criteria: Effect of patient age on appropriate use scores

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/150503/1/cup13459_am.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/150503/2/cup13459.pd

Appropriate use criteria in dermatopathology: Initial recommendations from the American Society of Dermatopathology

Peer Reviewedhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/145218/1/cup13142.pdfhttps://deepblue.lib.umich.edu/bitstream/2027.42/145218/2/cup13142_am.pd

Dissecting the Shared Genetic Architecture of Suicide Attempt, Psychiatric Disorders, and Known Risk Factors

Background Suicide is a leading cause of death worldwide, and nonfatal suicide attempts, which occur far more frequently, are a major source of disability and social and economic burden. Both have substantial genetic etiology, which is partially shared and partially distinct from that of related psychiatric disorders. Methods We conducted a genome-wide association study (GWAS) of 29,782 suicide attempt (SA) cases and 519,961 controls in the International Suicide Genetics Consortium (ISGC). The GWAS of SA was conditioned on psychiatric disorders using GWAS summary statistics via multitrait-based conditional and joint analysis, to remove genetic effects on SA mediated by psychiatric disorders. We investigated the shared and divergent genetic architectures of SA, psychiatric disorders, and other known risk factors. Results Two loci reached genome-wide significance for SA: the major histocompatibility complex and an intergenic locus on chromosome 7, the latter of which remained associated with SA after conditioning on psychiatric disorders and replicated in an independent cohort from the Million Veteran Program. This locus has been implicated in risk-taking behavior, smoking, and insomnia. SA showed strong genetic correlation with psychiatric disorders, particularly major depression, and also with smoking, pain, risk-taking behavior, sleep disturbances, lower educational attainment, reproductive traits, lower socioeconomic status, and poorer general health. After conditioning on psychiatric disorders, the genetic correlations between SA and psychiatric disorders decreased, whereas those with nonpsychiatric traits remained largely unchanged. Conclusions Our results identify a risk locus that contributes more strongly to SA than other phenotypes and suggest a shared underlying biology between SA and known risk factors that is not mediated by psychiatric disorders.Peer reviewe

Voice, Influence and Belonging: HIV Community Health Workers’ Lived Experience on the Interdisciplinary Health Team

The integration of Community Health Workers (CHWs) on HIV healthcare teams has been endorsed as a way to mitigate social determinants associated with poor health outcomes and, through the power of shared identity, engage persons living with HIV into care who have been harmed by stigma and racism. This phenomenological study was conducted to explore factors that constrain or facilitate meaningful integration of HIV CHWs within healthcare organizations. In individual interviews, ten CHWs employed by New York City HIV healthcare providers discussed their lived experience on the team. Several major themes in their lived experience emerged. First, a sense of mutual reliance on the team inspired CHWs, but created vulnerability to disillusionment and anxiety when the health system failed to live up to its promise. Second, failed communication between CHWs and other team members interfered with client care. Third, strong supervision grounded CHWs as they worked in the field. Fourth, duplicative documentation distracted from CHW focus on client care. Fifth, CHWs enhanced their voice and credibility on the team through developing deep understanding of their clients’ concerns. Sixth, CHWs felt inadequate to address deep-rooted social problems such as lack of safe permanent housing and chronic addiction. Finally, CHWs reported that they used creativity and perseverance to overcome fear generated by the risks and disruption of the COVID-19 pandemic. Participants in this study vividly expressed their desire for improved communication across professional hierarchies. Practice and research implications include the importance of developing initiatives to examine the best methods to provide team training, role clarity, team communication and evaluation where CHWs are employed on outpatient HIV care teams. CHWs’ ability to address social determinants of health depend on their ability to participate in the development of health promotion policy efforts. In the field of HIV services, this should include funding CHWs to work in close partnership with non-medical organizations that provide legal or harm reduction advocacy, while at the same time remaining integrated with outpatient primary care practices. Future research should identify CHW programs where staff are charged with community organizing and HIV policy advocacy, and identify key outcomes such as permanent housing status

Analysis of the Regulatory Effects of California Specialty Crops: An Examination of Various Issues Impacting Selected Forest Products, Tree Fruit, Nut, and Vegetable Crop Industries

In a research report for the California Institute for the Study of Specialty Crops, Hurley provided a broad overview of the web of regulatory bodies affecting California agricultural producers. He found that California specialty crop producers must comply with multiple regulations from multiple local, state, and federal agencies. Locally, producers must comply with county land use regulations developed by the county, as well as, regulations established by the County Agricultural Commissioner. At the state level, producers must follow the regulations established by California Environmental Protection Agency (CALEPA), the Department of Pesticide Regulation (DPR), and the California Department of Food and Agriculture (CDFA). The United States Department of Agriculture (USDA), the United States Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), and the United States Department of Labor are the major federal regulators specialty crop producers must deal with at the national level