50 research outputs found
The Chiral Magnetic Effect and Axial Anomalies
We give an elementary derivation of the chiral magnetic effect based on a
strong magnetic field lowest-Landau-level projection in conjunction with the
well-known axial anomalies in two- and four-dimensional space-time. The
argument is general, based on a Schur decomposition of the Dirac operator. In
the dimensionally reduced theory, the chiral magnetic effect is directly
related to the relativistic form of the Peierls instability, leading to a
spiral form of the condensate, the chiral magnetic spiral. We then discuss the
competition between spin projection, due to a strong magnetic field, and
chirality projection, due to an instanton, for light fermions in QCD and QED.
The resulting asymmetric distortion of the zero modes and near-zero modes is
another aspect of the chiral magnetic effect.Comment: 33 pages, 5 figures, to appear in Lect. Notes Phys. "Strongly
interacting matter in magnetic fields" (Springer), edited by D. Kharzeev, K.
Landsteiner, A. Schmitt, H.-U. Ye
Ballistic Resistance of 3-D Orthogonal Woven Textile Composites with Helically Twisted Z-Strands
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Regulation of OPA1-mediated mitochondrial fusion by leucine zipper/EF-hand-containing transmembrane protein-1 plays a role in apoptosis
Carboxyl-terminal modulator protein (CTMP) is a tumor suppressor-like binding partner of Protein kinase B (PKB/Akt) that negative regulates this kinase. In the course of our recent work, we identified that CTMP is consistently associated with leucine zipper/EF-hand-containing transmembrane-1 (LETM1). Here, we report that adenovirus-LETM1 increased the sensitivity of HeLa cells to apoptosis, induced by either staurosporine or actinomycin D. As shown previously, LETM1 localized to the inner mitochondrial membrane. Electron-microscopy analysis of adenovirus-LETM1 transduced cells revealed that mitochondrial cristae were swollen in these cells, a phenotype similar to that observed in optic atrophy type-1 (OPA1)-ablated cells. OPA1 cleavage was increased in LETM1-overexpressing cells, and this phenotype was reversed by overexpression of OPA1 variant-7, a cleavage resistant form of OPA1. Taken together, these data suggest that LETM1 is a novel binding partner for CTMP that may play an important role in mitochondrial fragmentation via OPA1-cleavage