Application of numerical methods in the study operational characteristics of the combustion chamber (pumping unit GPA-16U) at different loads

We report on X-ray resonance exchange and neutron scattering of metallic GdS. At the LII and LIII absorption edges of Gd, resonance enhancements of more than two orders of magnitude over the non-resonant magnetic scattering are observed. Polarisation analysis proves that these enhancements are due to dipolar transitions from the 2p to the 5d states. The branching ratio between the LII and LIII edges of 2.5 suggests a polarisation of the 5d electrons in the ground state. The antiferromagnetic order is of type II in the fcc lattice. Single crystal diffraction of hot neutrons suggests that the spin direction lies within the (111) planes with a value for the sublattice magnetisation of 6.51(3) $\mu_{\rm B}$. The critical exponent for the sublattice magnetisation has a value of $\beta = 0.38(2)$ in agreement with a pure Heisenberg model. Above TN, a sharp component persists in the critical diffuse scattering. Lattice distortions give indications for two additional low-temperature phase transitions at about 49 K and 32 K. We argue that these transitions are not connected to spin reorientations and discuss the possible influence of fourth-order exchange interactions

The Impact of 6 and 12 Months in Space on Human Brain Structure and Intracranial Fluid Shifts

As plans develop for Mars missions, it is important to understand how long-duration spaceflight impacts brain health. Here we report how 12-month (n = 2 astronauts) versus 6-month (n = 10 astronauts) missions impact brain structure and fluid shifts. We collected MRI scans once before flight and four times after flight. Astronauts served as their own controls; we evaluated pre- to postflight changes and return toward preflight levels across the 4 postflight points. We also provide data to illustrate typical brain changes over 7 years in a reference dataset. Twelve months in space generally resulted in larger changes across multiple brain areas compared with 6-month missions and aging, particularly for fluid shifts. The majority of changes returned to preflight levels by 6 months after flight. Ventricular volume substantially increased for 1 of the 12-month astronauts (left: +25%, right: +23%) and the 6-month astronauts (left: 17 ± 12%, right: 24 ± 6%) and exhibited little recovery at 6 months. Several changes correlated with past flight experience; those with less time between subsequent missions had larger preflight ventricles and smaller ventricular volume increases with flight. This suggests that spaceflight-induced ventricular changes may endure for long periods after flight. These results provide insight into brain changes that occur with longduration spaceflight and demonstrate the need for closer study of fluid shift

Insurtech - Overview and Influence of Business Model Innovation in the Insurance Industry - A structured analysis

Almost two billion dollars in venture capital investment between the third quarter of 2015 and 2016 for Insurtechs and headlines promising the needed shakeup in the insurance industry, Insurtech is a new phenomenon for financial services, similar to Fintech, but exclusive to insurance. While hopes and promises are high, thorough analysis of the landscape of this new kind of insurance companies remain scarce. This work aims to enable an overview of how Insurtechs are categorized into distinct fields and what potential impact they could have on the insurer’s value chain. For this, 253 Insurtechs across 13 categories are analyzed. The thorough analysis reveals that Insurtechs potentially have an impact in almost all activities of the insurer’s value chain through business model innovation. However, it also concludes, that their business models on distribution, customer service, data analytics and digitalization are more an opportunity than a threat for incumbents as 70% act as digital brokers, 25% as service providers through software and only 5% are insurers

A complete description of the order parameter of Heisenberg-type magnets for 0 (kleiner als) T (kleiner als) Tc

It is shown experimentally that the temperature dependence of the magnetic order parameter of real Heisenberg magnets, m(s)(T), can be described in the whole range 0 < T < T-c by a sequence of simple analytical functions. The normal behaviour is a single crossover between the well-known critical power law m(s) similar to (T-c - T)(beta) and one analytical dependence according to m(s =) 1 - c x T-epsilon which holds for all lower temperatures. A more complicated situation results if strength or anisotropy of the exchange interactions change strongly as a function of temperature. This can induce further crossover events with discrete changes either of the coefficient c or of the exponent epsilon. Except for the temperatures in the vicinity of the crossover the critical power law and one (or more) empirical T-epsilon functions with definite exponents epsilon give an excellent description of the whole experimental m(s)(T) dependence. (C) 2003 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved

Ten Months of Digital Reading

We address digital reading practices in Russia analyzing 10 months of logging data from a commercial ebook mobile app.We describe the data and focus on three aspects: reading schedule, reading speed, and book abandonment. The exploratory study proves a high potential of the data and proposed approach.Peer Reviewe