Coagulation for treatment of swine slaughterhouse wastewater

In this study, wastewater taken from the Nam Phong swine slaughterhouse, Ho Chi Minh City, was used to evaluate the treatment efficiency of common coagulants, including Alum (Aluminum Sulfate - Al2(SO4)3.18H2O), Poly-Aluminum Chloride (PAC), and Ferrous Sulfate (FeSO4.7H2O), using a jar-test system. The experiments were conducted using the one-factor-at-a-time method to examine three variables which are pH, stirring speed, and coagulant dosage. The results showed that both Alum and PAC perform over 90% removal of colour, turbidity, COD, and total phosphorus (TP) from slaughterhouse wastewater at pH 7 with a stirring speed of 75 revolutions per minute (RPM) and average coagulant dosages of 450 mg/L for Alum and 550 mg/L for PAC. Meanwhile, under the appropriate conditions of pH equal to 10 and 75 RPM with a chemical dosage of 350 mg/L, COD and TP removal efficiencies by Ferrous Sulfate exceed 87%, but those of turbidity and colour only reach 25%. This finding could be a promising coagulation method as a pre-treatment for the swine slaughterhouse wastewater

APPLICATION OF SELF–CLEANING TREATMENT ON COTTON AND PES/CO FABRIC USING TiO2 AND SiO2 COATING SYNTHESIZED BY SOL–GEL METHOD

The photocatalytic activity of TiO2–SiO2 coated and TiO2 coated on 100% cotton and PES/Co fabrics was investigated through the self–cleaning of red wine stains and coffee stains. It was shown that a TiO2 species could be produced at temperatures of 25 °C, 40 °C and 60 °C with acceptable photo–activity and TiO2–SiO2 nanocomposites were prepared by a sol–gel process at a low temperature. The discoloration of red wine and coffee led to CO2 evolution that was more efficient for TiO2–SiO2 coated cotton for samples than of TiO2 coated ones. The textile surface did not show any change after several consecutive light–induced discoloration cycles of a red wine stain and coffee stain. The structural properties of these nanocomposites were characterized with scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT–IR). The scanning electron microscope (SEM) photo showed that the TiO2–SiO2 layer is thicker than TiO2 layer on the cotton fabric and PES/Co fabric and the Ti–particles were always surrounded by amorphous SiO2 and never alone by themselves. The TiO2–SiO2 nanocomposites were coated onto cotton and PES/Co fabrics by a simple dip–pad–dry–cure process

ANTI-ODOUR TREATMENT ON 100% WOOL FABRIC USING COLORANTS FROM COFFEE GROUND RESIDUES

Coffee ground residues is considered as biomass and organic wastes that can be used for further application due to their deodorant properties. The purpose of this study is applying anti-odor treatment on 100% wool fabric by bi-functional dyeing process with colorant extracted from coffee ground residues. The extraction was done with water at 100ºC with different extracting ratio. The knitted wool fabrics were IR dyed with extracting solutions at 80ºC, 90 min, then dried at 60ºC, 30 min. The effectiveness of treatment on wool fabric was determined by colour strength K/S and FT-IR spectra. The colour fastness after hand wash were tested by AATCC standard to confirm the treatment after laundering, exhibited good color fastness at grade 4-5. The anti-odor effect was also evaluated according to AATCC 2017 Methods for Odor Evaluation of Textiles and other Materials for fabric before and after laundering, which proved the efficiency of deodorization of treated fabric by coffee residues extraction, even with strong odor like onio

The rise of East and Southeast Asians tourists in Europe: the case of Vienna

Travelers from Asia have become a potential alternative for some of the traditional European tourist markets that have stagnated due to the economic crisis. The remarkable recovery of the Japanese market, the exponential growth of Chinese and Korean markets in addition to the high spending power of Thai and Chinese tourists have painted a highly positive scenario for the tourism industry in Vienna. This paper utilizes Vienna as a case study to explore the rise of Asian tourists in Europe. Tourism statistics, media reports and materials of destination marketing organization were analyzed for evaluation of the trends and growth of Asian outbound market to Vienna. The current study contributes to the tourism industry of Austria by highlighting the fragmentations in tourist consumption patterns of tourists from East and Southeast Asia

Vietnamese domestic tourism: an investigation of travel motivations

'Die hier präsentierte quantitative Studie untersucht Reisemotive vietnamesischer InlandstouristInnen mittels eines an 230 ProbandInnen gerichteten Fragebogens. Die Ergebnisse heben neben dem Motiv der Freizeitgestaltung und Erholung die signifikante Rolle der Reisefinanzierung durch ArbeitgeberInnen, der Familie, der Tourismuswerbung sowie der Wetterbedingungen für die Reiseentscheidung hervor. Außerdem ergab die Studie, dass sich die touristischen Motivationen vom Angebot der Reiseagenturen unterscheiden. Die Autorinnen argumentieren, dass das Urlaubsverhalten vietnamesischer InlandstouristInnen Charakteristika eines im wirtschaftlichen Umbruch befindenden Landes widerspiegelt sowie Aspekte aufzeigt, die auch in anderen asiatischen Ländern eine wichtige Rolle spielen.' (Autorenreferat)'This article approaches domestic tourism in Vietnam from a native Asian perspective aiming to examine Vietnamese domestic travel motivations. This quantitative study is based on a self-administered questionnaire to survey 230 Vietnamese domestic travelers. Results highlight the significant roles of the employer sponsoring the trip, family, travel promotion, and favorable weather in determining travel, in addition to their motivations to seek time for leisure and recreation. Moreover, the study detected a perception gap between the tourist's demand and the travel agent's supply. The behavior of Vietnamese domestic travelers reflects the characteristics of a transition economy and reveals certain aspects which are also peculiar to other Asian countries.' (author's abstract

Removal of inorganic nutrient and organic carbon from wastewater of Binh Dien market using the green alga Chlorella sp.

Traditional markets play a major role in socio-economics and constitutes a significant aspect of Vietnamese culture. However, wastewater streams discharged from the markets are generally characterized by a lot of inorganic nutrients and organic substances originated from fresh food processing units. They could lead to serious water contamination if discharged without proper treatment. This study applied microalgae Chlorella sp. for eliminating inorganic nutrients (NO3--N, NH4+-N and PO43--P) and organic carbon (Chemical oxygen demand-COD) from wastewater of the Binh Dien market. The removal efficiencies reached for NH4+-N > 86%, for NO3--N > 72%, and for PO43--P > 69%, respectively, at algal density of 49 x 104 cell mL-1, and for COD > 96% at algal density of 35 x 104 cell mL-1 after five cultivating days. The effluence satisfied the Vietnamese standard, column B, of the National technical regulation on industrial wastewater (QCVN 40:2011/BTNMT). The results demonstrated that the culture system composed of green algal Chlorella sp. could be a potential candidate for the removal of nutrients and organic carbon by a wastewater treatment process from the Binh Dien market

Effects of Country – of - Origin on Customer’s Buying Intention: A case study of the Vietnamese market

Due to globalization, customers are now dealing with a variety of choices of goods and services and in such situations, the country of origin (COO) has become a useful tool which supports consumers in making wise buying decisions. Previous studies have also shown a consensus on the significant relevance between the country image and consumers purchase intention. However, due to several existing limitations and recommendations for further studies on the subject, it is relevant to understand how consumers in emerging economies perceiving the COO image as well as to which extent their perception of the country image influence purchase intention in more details. The present paper examines the perception of Vietnamese consumers towards the COO as well as their consumer ethnocentrism level, to understand the effect of those two factors on consumer purchase intention, which in turn, giving a better insight for enterprises into the role of the COO cue and helping them in building an efficient strategic plan for their business operation in Vietnam. Results are based on the analysis of quantitative data collected from 143 Vietnamese respondents focusing on food and beverages products imported from three countries: Thailand, Japan, and the USA. Findings suggest that country of origin has a statistical connection with buying intention for foreign products. However, demographic factors found no relevance to the country of origin, and though ethnocentrism exists among Vietnamese consumers, it just influences consumers' purchase intention to some extent.fi=Opinnäytetyö kokotekstinä PDF-muodossa.|en=Thesis fulltext in PDF format.|sv=Lärdomsprov tillgängligt som fulltext i PDF-format

ANTIBACTERIAL FINISHING ON COTTON 100% AND CVC FABRICS WITH TANNIN FROM PIPER BETLE EXTRACT

Following the recent trend of using natural ingredients from bio-macromolecules, biomaterials, plant extract in textile chain, this research aims to develop an antibacterial textiles finishing with Tannin extracted from piper betle plant. The extracting processes were carried out with different solvent: distilled water, Ethanol 30%, Ethanol 50%, Ethanol 70% in 60 minutes. Two important types of fabric, including Cotton and CVC (Cotton/Polyester) were padded with piper betle extracts, then dried at 60oC in 5 minutes. The presence of tannin on fabric after treatment was determined by FeCl3 test and FT-IR spectrum. The antibacterial effect of finished fabrics was proved according to ASTM 2149-01 standard. The test was performed with Escherichia Coli ATCC 25922 and Staphylococus aureus AATCC 6538. The final results exhibited good antibacterial activity of 83.02%, 65,33% against the bacteria Ecoli and 93.88 %, 85.14% against the bacteria S.Aureus on cotton and then CVC fabrics