Coprinus leucostictus rediscovered after a century, epitypified, and its generic position in Hausknechtia resolved by multigene phylogenetic analysis of Psathyrellaceae

About a century after the first finding in northern Vietnam (1908), Coprinus leucostictus is rediscovered on 12 localities in southern India and southern to southeastern China, growing in evergreen subtropical or tropical forests. It is morphologically a rather unique species with coprinoid basidiomata, strongly branched and diverticulate veil hyphae, and a hymeniderm pileipellis. The BLAST search of ITS and tef-1a sequences showed its close relationship to Hausknechtia floriformis, which is not clear based on morphological characters. Multigene phylogenetic analysis of a concatenated dataset of ITS, LSU, tef-1a, and -tubulin sequences, revealed C. leucostictus and H. floriformis as separate, but sister species. Molecular phylogenetic relationships within the family Psathyrellaceae (including 17 genera) are presented in the phylogram. The genera Hausknechtia and Candolleomyces formed two well-supported lineages and were recovered as a monophyletic group. A total of 27 sequences from the genus Hausknechtia were newly generated in this study. Coprinus leucostictus is combined as Hausknechtia leucosticta, its epitype is designated, and the hitherto monotypic genus Hausknechtia is emended. A detailed morphological description of H. leucosticta supplemented with colour photographs and line drawings is provided

Neutrino Physics with JUNO

The Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO), a 20 kton multi-purposeunderground liquid scintillator detector, was proposed with the determinationof the neutrino mass hierarchy as a primary physics goal. It is also capable ofobserving neutrinos from terrestrial and extra-terrestrial sources, includingsupernova burst neutrinos, diffuse supernova neutrino background, geoneutrinos,atmospheric neutrinos, solar neutrinos, as well as exotic searches such asnucleon decays, dark matter, sterile neutrinos, etc. We present the physicsmotivations and the anticipated performance of the JUNO detector for variousproposed measurements. By detecting reactor antineutrinos from two power plantsat 53-km distance, JUNO will determine the neutrino mass hierarchy at a 3-4sigma significance with six years of running. The measurement of antineutrinospectrum will also lead to the precise determination of three out of the sixoscillation parameters to an accuracy of better than 1\%. Neutrino burst from atypical core-collapse supernova at 10 kpc would lead to ~5000inverse-beta-decay events and ~2000 all-flavor neutrino-proton elasticscattering events in JUNO. Detection of DSNB would provide valuable informationon the cosmic star-formation rate and the average core-collapsed neutrinoenergy spectrum. Geo-neutrinos can be detected in JUNO with a rate of ~400events per year, significantly improving the statistics of existing geoneutrinosamples. The JUNO detector is sensitive to several exotic searches, e.g. protondecay via the $p\to K^++\bar\nu$ decay channel. The JUNO detector will providea unique facility to address many outstanding crucial questions in particle andastrophysics. It holds the great potential for further advancing our quest tounderstanding the fundamental properties of neutrinos, one of the buildingblocks of our Universe

Potential of Core-Collapse Supernova Neutrino Detection at JUNO

JUNO is an underground neutrino observatory under construction in Jiangmen, China. It uses 20kton liquid scintillator as target, which enables it to detect supernova burst neutrinos of a large statistics for the next galactic core-collapse supernova (CCSN) and also pre-supernova neutrinos from the nearby CCSN progenitors. All flavors of supernova burst neutrinos can be detected by JUNO via several interaction channels, including inverse beta decay, elastic scattering on electron and proton, interactions on C12 nuclei, etc. This retains the possibility for JUNO to reconstruct the energy spectra of supernova burst neutrinos of all flavors. The real time monitoring systems based on FPGA and DAQ are under development in JUNO, which allow prompt alert and trigger-less data acquisition of CCSN events. The alert performances of both monitoring systems have been thoroughly studied using simulations. Moreover, once a CCSN is tagged, the system can give fast characterizations, such as directionality and light curve

Detection of the Diffuse Supernova Neutrino Background with JUNO

As an underground multi-purpose neutrino detector with 20 kton liquid scintillator, Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO) is competitive with and complementary to the water-Cherenkov detectors on the search for the diffuse supernova neutrino background (DSNB). Typical supernova models predict 2-4 events per year within the optimal observation window in the JUNO detector. The dominant background is from the neutral-current (NC) interaction of atmospheric neutrinos with 12C nuclei, which surpasses the DSNB by more than one order of magnitude. We evaluated the systematic uncertainty of NC background from the spread of a variety of data-driven models and further developed a method to determine NC background within 15\% with {\it{in}} {\it{situ}} measurements after ten years of running. Besides, the NC-like backgrounds can be effectively suppressed by the intrinsic pulse-shape discrimination (PSD) capabilities of liquid scintillators. In this talk, I will present in detail the improvements on NC background uncertainty evaluation, PSD discriminator development, and finally, the potential of DSNB sensitivity in JUNO

Real-time Monitoring for the Next Core-Collapse Supernova in JUNO

Core-collapse supernova (CCSN) is one of the most energetic astrophysical events in the Universe. The early and prompt detection of neutrinos before (pre-SN) and during the SN burst is a unique opportunity to realize the multi-messenger observation of the CCSN events. In this work, we describe the monitoring concept and present the sensitivity of the system to the pre-SN and SN neutrinos at the Jiangmen Underground Neutrino Observatory (JUNO), which is a 20 kton liquid scintillator detector under construction in South China. The real-time monitoring system is designed with both the prompt monitors on the electronic board and online monitors at the data acquisition stage, in order to ensure both the alert speed and alert coverage of progenitor stars. By assuming a false alert rate of 1 per year, this monitoring system can be sensitive to the pre-SN neutrinos up to the distance of about 1.6 (0.9) kpc and SN neutrinos up to about 370 (360) kpc for a progenitor mass of 30$M_{\odot}$ for the case of normal (inverted) mass ordering. The pointing ability of the CCSN is evaluated by using the accumulated event anisotropy of the inverse beta decay interactions from pre-SN or SN neutrinos, which, along with the early alert, can play important roles for the followup multi-messenger observations of the next Galactic or nearby extragalactic CCSN.Comment: 24 pages, 9 figure

Two heterovalent copper–organic frameworks with multiple secondary building units: high performance for gas adsorption and separation and I₂ sorption and release

With the help of the multiple Secondary Building Unit (SBU) strategy, two novel heterovalent Cu–MOFs, [(C4I4)Cu4L4 (DABCO) 2]•16DMF (JLU-Liu31) and [(Cu4I4)Cu3L3 (DABCO)(DMF) 2]•18DMF (JLU-Liu32) [H2L = pyridine-3,5-bis(phenyl-4-carboxylic acid), DABCO = 1,4-diazabicyclo[2.2.2]-octane], have been successfully solvothermally synthesized and structurally characterized. Both of the two compounds feature multiple SBUs and exhibit novel topologies. JLU-Liu31 possesses the largest sustainable pore volume among the MOFs based on Cu4I4 clusters. Moreover, the adsorption behaviours of the desolvated JLU-Liu31 material for some small gases (H2, O2, CO2, CH4, C2H6 and C3H8) have been analysed in low pressure regions; meanwhile, it exhibits commendable selectivity for O2 over N2 and C3H8 over CH4. The remarkable results illustrate that JLU-Liu31 is a good candidate for application in the separation of light hydrocarbons. Additionally, JLU-Liu32 exhibits impressive performance for I2 sorption and release in solvents

Embedded optical waveguides fabricated in SF10 glass by low repetition rate ultrafast laser

International audienceSymmetric embedded waveguides were fabricated in heavy metal oxide SF10 glass using slit-shaped infrared femtosecond laser writing in the low-repetition frequency regime. The impact of the writing parameters on the waveguide formation in the transverse writing scheme was systemically studied. Results indicate that efficient waveguides can be inscribed in a wide parameter space ranging from 500 fs to 1.5 ps pulse duration, 0.7 to 4.2 μJ pulse energy, and 5 μm/s to 640 μm/s scan speed and pointing out the robustness of the photoinscription process. Refractive index profile reconstructed from the measured near field pattern goes up to 10-3. In addition, propagation losses of the waveguides are tolerable, with the lowest propagation loss estimated at 0.7 dB/cm. With a 5 μm/s scan speed and 3.5 μJ pulse energy in a high dose regime, few-mode guiding was achieved in the waveguide at 800nm signal injection wavelength. This is due to a combination of increased refractive index in the core of the trace and the appearance of a depressed cladding

Response analysis of shale bedding structure to ultrasonic characteristics and its application

Based on the wave theory, different bedding structure models for shales in Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation of southeastern Chongqing area were established, numerical simulations of responses of different bedding structures of shale to ultrasonic wave were carried out by using the second order in time and fourth order in space grid finite difference method, based on the grey system theory, sensitive factors of acoustic parameters of bedding structure were selected, and the dynamic mechanical parameter model of bedded shale was established, which was verified by the ultrasonic transmission experiment results on core down Well ZY1 and YY1 and the logging data of Well ZY2. The results show that: (1) The correlation coefficient between analog and experimental waveforms is greater than 80%, indicating that the numerical simulation method can effectively simulate ultrasonic transmission experiment. (2) Acoustic velocity is a conventional sensitive factor used to characterize shale bedding structure, whereas the attenuation coefficient is sensitive to the change of bedding thickness, with correlation coefficient of 0.89, therefore, using the normalized results of attenuation coefficient to comprehensively describe the shale bedding can make the results more accurate. (3) The correlation between the dynamic and static parameters calculated by the model is better than that of the traditional model; and the predicted values of rock mechanics obtained by using the model and logging data inversion are in good agreement with the experimental values. The research results lay the foundation for further accurate prediction of rock mechanic parameters using sonic logging data. Key words: Southeastern Chongqing, Silurian Longmaxi Formation, shale, bedding, ultrasonic transmission, numerical simulation, rock mechanic

Embedded optical waveguides fabricated in SF10 glass by low-repetition-rate ultrafast laser

Symmetric embedded waveguides were fabricated in heavy metal oxide SF10 glass using slit-shaped infrared femtosecond laser writing in the low-repetition frequency regime. The impact of the writing parameters on the waveguide formation in the transverse writing scheme was systemically studied. Results indicate that efficient waveguides can be inscribed in a wide parameter space ranging from 500 fs to 1.5 ps pulse duration, 0.7-4.2 mu J pulse energy, and 5 mu m/s to 640 mu m/s scan speed and pointing out the robustness of the photoinscription process. The refractive index profile reconstructed from the measured near field pattern goes up to 10(-3). In addition, propagation losses of the waveguides are tolerable, with the lowest propagation loss estimated at 0.7 dB/cm. With a 5 mu m/s scan speed and 3.5 mu J pulse energy in a high-dose regime, few-mode guiding was achieved in the waveguide at 800 nm signal injection wavelength. This is due to a combination of increased refractive index in the core of the trace and the appearance of a depressed cladding. (C) 2013 Optical Society of Americ