Selective Memory Bias in the Processing of Weight, Shape and Food Related Words in Women with Bulimia Nervosa, Depression and Female Non-Clinical Controls

Memory bias for weight and shape related words and food related words was investigated in women with bulimia nervosa, women with depression and female nonclinical controls. The aims of this study were to investigate whether women with bulimia nervosa demonstrate memory biases congruent with their primary concerns. Furthermore, and whether such biases, reflect a general bias to recall emotional information and more specifically negatively valenced emotional information, as with depression. A further aim was to replicate the findings of Sebastian et al. (1996) that memory biases in women with bulimia are specific to weight and shape-related words and not to body words in general. Participants listened to weight, shape and food related words, and control words. They performed a self-referent encoding task and recall memory was assessed. The results indicated that women with bulimia nervosa demonstrated a bias to recall weight and shape related words compared to other word types. Memory biases were not specific to negative weight and shape words but were also found for positive weight and shape-related words. The bulimic group did not demonstrate enhanced recall for emotional words. Memory biases for food related words were not found to be specific to women with bulimia, but were also found in women with depression. In both groups recall bias for food related words was found to be related to levels of hunger. Possible explanations and the clinical implications of these findings are discussed, and future directions for research are highlighted

United States Organization Working to Strengthen School Leadership Preparation

We have come into a time where there is of scarcity of resources, where colleges and universities are being pulled in different directions by many of its constituents, and state politicians are jockeying for which policies that they want to implement with limited or no resources to support them, which makes the support for higher education even more scant. If there was not a more urgent time to have a different mindset to transform a college or university this decade, then there likely will not be one. Knowing the obstacles in which higher education institutions need to overcome, the leadership of a college or university needs to be transformational in how it operates, thinks, and maneuvers

A Description and Analysis of Mediterranean Cities and Regions Planning for Climate Impacts

The current literature on local climate change adaptation contains comparatively little research into local and regional adaptation to climate change, and few comparisons of local climate adaptation initiatives across broad climate regions. Our conjecture is that areas with similar climates will face similar sets of climate risks and therefore can share adaptation solutions. This paper examines 36 adaptation plans (cases) selected from across the five Mediterranean climate regions in order to find if there is evidence that groups of cities and/or regions share similar responses to climate risks. We examined adaptation strategies for sea level rise, increased temperatures, flooding, reduced water supply and drought, wildfires, extreme weather events, and increased GHGs and air pollution. We examined the cities’ adaptation plans and categorized them into four stages: training, assessment, recommendations, and implementation. A contribution of the paper is a new way of analyzing adaptation by building a matrix of adaptation policy stage and climate impact area that shows which policy options have advanced from planning to implementation in our cases. We found that a wide variety of cities have completed assessments in one or more of the climate adaptation areas. Our major finding is that these Mediterranean cities often have quite similar plans for dealing with several climate risks. Many cities are planning stormwater runoff infrastructure overhauls in order to ameliorate the impacts of climate-related water supply and flooding effects. Similarly, many cities are proposing greening strategies to deal with heat island effects. Finally, we observe that the adaptation plans imply large cross-cutting infrastructure investment with their concomitant financial demands. We also observe a common gap, that while retreat from threatened areas is likely to be a necessary strategy for sea level rise, flooding, and perhaps wildfire, retreat is seldom mentioned, and not at all at the implementation stage. The key contribution of this paper is to provide a starting point for researchers and policymakers to consider the similarities and differences in adaptation approaches across Mediterranean climate zone cities. This paper establishes a baseline for adaptation policy in our urban cases that additional research can use to examine adaptation progress moving forward

A review of IATTC research on the early life history and reproductive biology of scombrids conducted at the Achotines Laboratory from 1985 to 2005

English: For nearly a century, fisheries scientists have studied marine fish stocks in an effort to understand how the abundances of fish populations are determined. During the early lives of marine fishes, survival is variable, and the numbers of individuals surviving to transitional stages or recruitment are difficult to predict. The egg, larval, and juvenile stages of marine fishes are characterized by high rates of mortality and growth. Most marine fishes, particularly pelagic species, are highly fecund, produce small eggs and larvae, and feed and grow in complex aquatic ecosystems. The identification of environmental or biological factors that are most important in controlling survival during the early life stages of marine fishes is a potentially powerful tool in stock assessment. Because vital rates (mortality and growth) during the early life stages of marine fishes are high and variable, small changes in those rates can have profound effects on the properties of survivors and recruitment potential (Houde 1989). Understanding and predicting the factors that most strongly influence pre-recruit survival are key goals of fisheries research programs. Spanish: Desde hace casi un siglo, los científicos pesqueros han estudiado las poblaciones de peces marinos en un intento por entender cómo se determina la abundancia de las mismas. Durante la vida temprana de los peces marinos, la supervivencia es variable, y el número de individuos que sobrevive hasta las etapas transicionales o el reclutamiento es difícil de predecir. Las etapas de huevo, larval, y juvenil de los peces marinos son caracterizadas por tasas altas de mortalidad y crecimiento. La mayoría de los peces marinos, particularmente las especies pelágicas, son muy fecundos, producen huevos y larvas pequeños, y se alimentan y crecen en ecosistemas acuáticos complejos. La identificación los factores ambientales o biológicos más importantes en el control de la supervivencia durante las etapas tempranas de vida de los peces marinos es una herramienta potencialmente potente en la evaluación de las poblaciones. Ya que las tasas vitales (mortalidad y crecimiento) durante las etapas tempranas de vida de los peces marinos son altas y variables, cambios pequeños en esas tasas pueden ejercer efectos importantes sobre las propiedades de los supervivientes y el potencial de reclutamiento (Houde 1989). Comprender y predecir los factores que más afectan la supervivencia antes del reclutamiento son objetivos clave de los programas de investigación pesquera

Massive quenched galaxies at z~0.7 retain large molecular gas reservoirs

The physical mechanisms that quench star formation, turning blue star-forming galaxies into red quiescent galaxies, remain unclear. In this Letter, we investigate the role of gas supply in suppressing star formation by studying the molecular gas content of post-starburst galaxies. Leveraging the wide area of the SDSS, we identify a sample of massive intermediate-redshift galaxies that have just ended their primary epoch of star formation. We present ALMA CO(2-1) observations of two of these post-starburst galaxies at z~0.7 with M* ~ 2x10^11 Msun. Their molecular gas reservoirs of (6.4 +/- 0.8) x 10^9 Msun and (34.0 +/- 1.6) x 10^9 Msun are an order of magnitude larger than comparable-mass galaxies in the local universe. Our observations suggest that quenching does not require the total removal or depletion of molecular gas, as many quenching models suggest. However, further observations are required both to determine if these apparently quiescent objects host highly obscured star formation and to investigate the intrinsic variation in the molecular gas properties of post-starburst galaxies.Comment: Accepted for publication in ApJ Letters (6 pages, 5 figures

Spawning and early development of captive yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares)

In this study we describe the courtship and spawning behaviors of captive yellowfin tuna (Thunnus albacares), their spawning periodicity, the influence of physical and biological factors on spawning and hatching, and egg and early-larval development of this species at the Achotines Laboratory, Republic of Panama, during October 1996 through March 2000. Spawning occurred almost daily over extended periods and at water temperatures from 23.3° to 29.7°C. Water temperature appeared to be the main exogenous factor controlling the occurrence and timing of spawning. Courtship and spawning behaviors were ritualized and consistent among three groups of broodstock over 3.5 years. For any date, the time of day of spawning (range: 1330 to 2130 h) was predictable from mean daily water temperature, and 95% of hatching occurred the next day between 1500 and 1900 h. We estimated that females at first spawning averaged 1.6−2.0 years of age. Over short time periods (<1 month), spawning females increased their egg production from 30% to 234% in response to shortterm increases in daily food ration of 9% to 33%. Egg diameter, notochord length (NL) at hatching, NL at first feeding, and dry weights of these stages were estimated. Water temperature was significantly, inversely related to egg size, egg-stage duration, larval size at hatching, and yolksac larval duration

Territorializing spatial data: Controlling land through One Map projects in Indonesia and Myanmar

Once confined to paper, national cartographic projects increasingly play out through spatial data infrastructures such as software programs and smartphones. Across the Global South, foreign donor-funded digital platforms emphasize transparency, accountability and data sharing while echoing colonial projects that consolidated statebased territorial knowledge. This article brings political geography scholarship on state and counter-mapping together with new work on the political ecology of data to highlight a contemporary dimension of territorialization, one in which state actors seek to consolidate and authorize national geospatial information onto digital platforms. We call attention to the role of data infrastructures in contemporary resource control, arguing that territorializing data both extends state territorialization onto digital platforms and, paradoxically, provides new avenues for non-state actors to claim land. Drawing on interviews, document review, and long-term fieldwork, we compare the origins, institutionalization and realization of Indonesia and Myanmar’s ‘One Map’ projects. Both projects aimed to create a government-managed online spatial data platform, building on national mapping and management traditions while responding to new international incentives, such as climate change mitigation in Indonesia and good democratic governance in Myanmar. While both projects encountered technical difficulties and evolved during implementation, different national histories and political trajectories resulted in the embrace and expansion of the program in Indonesia but reluctant participation and eventual crisis in Myanmar. Together, these cases show how spatial data infrastructures can both extend state control over space and offer opportunities for contesting or reimagining land and nation, even as such infrastructures remain embedded in local power relations