1,767 research outputs found
High-Mobility Pentacene-Based Thin-Film Transistors With a Solution-Processed Barium Titanate Insulator
AbstractāPentacene-based organic thin-ļ¬lm transistors
(OTFTs) with solution-processed barium titanate (Ba1.2Ti0.8O3)
as a gate insulator are demonstrated. The electrical properties
of pentacene-based TFTs show a high ļ¬eld-effect mobility of
8.85 cm2 Ā· Vā1 Ā· sā1, a low threshold voltage of ā1.89 V, and a
low subthreshold slope swing of 310 mV/decade. The chemical
composition and binding energy of solution-processed barium
titanate thin ļ¬lms are analyzed through X-ray photoelectron
spectroscopy. The matching surface energy on the surface of
the barium titanate thin ļ¬lm is 43.12 mJ Ā· mā2, which leads to
StranskiāKrastanov mode growth, and thus, high mobility is
exhibited in pentacene-based TFTs.
Index TermsāBarium titanate, high ļ¬eld-effect mobility, high
permittivity, organic thin-ļ¬lmtransistor (OTFT), solution process
Toward better intelligent learning (iLearning) performance:what makes iLearning work for students in a university setting?
We explored the critical factors associated with iLearning that impact studentsā learning performance and identified the factors with a notable influence to help managers in higher education institutions increase the effectiveness of iLearning for students. We initially synthesised 4 main dimensions (including 26 criteria): performance expectancy, lecturersā influence, quality of service, and personal innovativeness. Subsequently, we conducted surveys in two stages. First, by studying a group of students with experience using iLearning at Taiwanese universities, we extracted 5 critical dimensions (including 18 criteria) through a factor analysis. Second, by studying a group of senior educators and practitioners in Taiwan, we prioritised the dimensions and criteria through the analytic hierarchy process (AHP). We found that performance expectancy is the top critical dimension, and the top five critical criteria pertain to enhancing the learning performance, increasing the learning participation, altering learning habits, ensuring access at all times, and enabling prompt use of learning resources. Moreover, we recommend several suggestions for the relevant managers to enhance the studentsā iLearning performance
The Relationships between Peer- and Self-Assessment and Teacher Assessment of Young EFL Learnersā Oral Presentations
A uncorrected proof of the manuscript is released here according to Springer author agreement.As the traditional grammar translation approach is being gradually replaced by communicative or task-based approaches, paper-and-pencil tests, commonly used in English classes in Taiwan, do not meet the course goals. Alternative assessment, known for increasing learnersā cognitive and meta-cognitive development as well as empowering students to take ownership of their learning, has been practiced extensively in L1 higher education, but neglected in L2 elementary schools. Thus, the purpose of this study is to investigate how peer and self-assessment can be implemented to evaluate young EFL learnersā oral presentation and how the students perceive this experience. The study was conducted in two sixth grade classes at a public elementary school in southern Taiwan. After attending a professional development workshop held by the government, a local English teacher practiced peer and self-assessment in her class so as to engage every student in class activities and also to provide an opportunity for them to reflect upon their performance. In the process, the students formed groups of six to discuss and give grades after each individual studentās oral report. Three types of data sources were analyzed. The first was the evaluation rubrics from peer groups, each presenting students, and the teacher. Then, a survey, containing 16 closed-format questions and one open-ended question, was administered to elicit the studentsā perceptions of the assessment process. Also, an interview was done with the teacher. The results show that peer and teacher assessment had strong positive correlation, whereas self- and teacher assessment were moderately correlated. The strength of correlation also varied for each evaluation criterion. Though learners responded positively to the assessing experiences in the questionnaires, they expressed concern that some grades assigned by peers were not fair and a few group members dominated the grading process. The findings shed light on benefits of combining peer and self- assessment and suggest training should emphasize self-assessment, evaluation criteria related to content of the presentation, and studentsā social skills to work harmoniously in groups. Most of all, studentsā traditional way of learning should not be neglected
Genetic learning particle swarm optimization
Social learning in particle swarm optimization (PSO) helps collective efficiency, whereas individual reproduction in genetic algorithm (GA) facilitates global effectiveness. This observation recently leads to hybridizing PSO with GA for performance enhancement. However, existing work uses a mechanistic parallel superposition and research has shown that construction of superior exemplars in PSO is more effective. Hence, this paper first develops a new framework so as to organically hybridize PSO with another optimization technique for ālearning.ā This leads to a generalized ālearning PSOā paradigm, the *L-PSO. The paradigm is composed of two cascading layers, the first for exemplar generation and the second for particle updates as per a normal PSO algorithm. Using genetic evolution to breed promising exemplars for PSO, a specific novel *L-PSO algorithm is proposed in the paper, termed genetic learning PSO (GL-PSO). In particular, genetic operators are used to generate exemplars from which particles learn and, in turn, historical search information of particles provides guidance to the evolution of the exemplars. By performing crossover, mutation, and selection on the historical information of particles, the constructed exemplars are not only well diversified, but also high qualified. Under such guidance, the global search ability and search efficiency of PSO are both enhanced. The proposed GL-PSO is tested on 42 benchmark functions widely adopted in the literature. Experimental results verify the effectiveness, efficiency, robustness, and scalability of the GL-PSO
Existence theorems for a crystal surface model involving the p-Laplace operator
The manufacturing of crystal films lies at the heart of modern
nanotechnology. How to accurately predict the motion of a crystal surface is of
fundamental importance. Many continuum models have been developed for this
purpose, including a number of PDE models, which are often obtained as the
continuum limit of a family of kinetic Monte Carlo models of crystal surface
relaxation that includes both the solid-on-solid and discrete Gaussian models.
In this paper we offer an analytical perspective into some of these models. To
be specific, we study the existence of a weak solution to the boundary value
problem for the equation - \Delta e^{-\mbox{div}\left(|\nabla u|^{p-2}\nabla
u\right)}+au=f, where are given numbers and is a given
function. This problem is derived from a crystal surface model proposed by
J.L.~Marzuola and J.~Weare (2013 Physical Review, E 88, 032403). The
mathematical challenge is due to the fact that the principal term in our
equation is an exponential function of a p-Laplacian. Existence of a
suitably-defined weak solution is established under the assumptions that
, and . Our investigations reveal that the
key to our existence assertion is how to control the set where
-\mbox{div}\left(|\nabla u|^{p-2}\nabla u\right) is
High Improvement in Conversion Efficiency of Ī¼c-SiGe Thin-Film Solar Cells with Field-Enhancement Layers
The improved performance for hydrogenated microcrystalline silicon-germanium (Ī¼c-Si1āxGex:H, x~0.1) p-i-n single solar cells with hydrogenated microcrystalline silicon (Ī¼c-Si:H) field-enhancement layers (FELs) is demonstrated for the first time. The fill factor (FF) and conversion efficiency (Ī·) increase by about 19% and 28% when the thickness of the Ī¼c-Si FEL is increased from 0 to 200ānm, it is attributed to the longer hole life-time and enhanced electric field in the Ī¼c-Si0.9Ge0.1:H layer. Therefore, we can successfully manufacture high-performance Ī¼c-SiGe:H solar cells with the thickness of absorbers smaller than 1 Ī¼m by conducting FELs. Moreover, the simulation tool is used to simulate the current-voltage (J-V) curve, thus we can investigate the carrier transport in the absorber of Ī¼c-Si0.9Ge0.1:H solar cells with different EFLs
An empirical research on customer satisfaction study: a consideration of different levels of performance
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