Consideration of Data Security and Privacy Using Machine Learning Techniques

As artificial intelligence becomes more and more prevalent, machine learning algorithms are being used in a wider range of domains. Big data and processing power, which are typically gathered via crowdsourcing and acquired online, are essential for the effectiveness of machine learning. Sensitive and private data, such as ID numbers, personal mobile phone numbers, and medical records, are frequently included in the data acquired for machine learning training. A significant issue is how to effectively and cheaply protect sensitive private data. With this type of issue in mind, this article first discusses the privacy dilemma in machine learning and how it might be exploited before summarizing the features and techniques for protecting privacy in machine learning algorithms. Next, the combination of a network of convolutional neural networks and a different secure privacy approach is suggested to improve the accuracy of classification of the various algorithms that employ noise to safeguard privacy. This approach can acquire each layer's privacy budget of a neural network and completely incorporates the properties of Gaussian distribution and difference. Lastly, the Gaussian noise scale is set, and the sensitive information in the data is preserved by using the gradient value of a stochastic gradient descent technique. The experimental results showed that a balance of better accuracy of 99.05% between the accessibility and privacy protection of the training data set could be achieved by modifying the depth differential privacy model's parameters depending on variations in private information in the data

Optimization of sulfuric acid leaching of a Vietnamese rare earth concentrat

The modeling of Yen Phu (Vietnam) xenotime concentrate leaching by sulfuric acid was studied for the purpose of optimizing the process. The response surface methodology (RSM) based on a central composite face-centered (CCF) design was empirically used to model the interactive effect of the independent variables, namely leaching temperatures of 250–450 °C, acid/concentrate (acid/conc.) mass ratios of 0.8–1.8, and leaching times of 2–6 h, on the dependent response, namely the leaching yield. And a CCF model for the leaching of the concentrate was proposed that exhibited good consistency with the experimental data. The shrinking core models for spherical particles of constant size based on the Arrhenius equation were empirically used to study the kinetics of the leaching. The activation energies calculated from the kinetic models for the chemical reaction and diffusion rate stages have the same value of 17.3 kJ·mol−1 , which fitted well to a mixed control model of the chemical reaction followed by a diffusion stage at leaching temperatures in the range of 473–593 K. The kinetic studies of the leaching indicated that the leaching percent rate (or leaching yield) is controlled by the leaching temperature. The optimization of the leaching process was estimated by analyzing the contributions of the coefficients of the CCF model to the leaching yield. The results indicated that the effect of leaching temperature on leaching yield is the strongest; it is five times higher than that of the acid/conc. Mass ratio and four times higher than that of the leaching time. The effects of acid/concentration mass ratio and leaching time on leaching yield are insignificant. In addition, the optimum data for leaching are as follows: the leaching temperature, acid/conc. Mass ratio, and leaching time are 320 °C, 1.3, and 4 h, respectively. The proposed CCF model and kinetic study suggested that the optimization of the Yen Phu xenotime concentrate leaching is controlled by the leaching temperature; and the CCF model can potentially be applied in the commercial operation of Yen Phu xenotime concentrate leaching after pilot tests on 50 kg dry concentrate per batc

An in-situ thermoelectric measurement apparatus inside a thermal-evaporator

At the ultra-thin limit below 20 nm, a film's electrical conductivity, thermal conductivity, or thermoelectricity depends heavily on its thickness. In most studies, each sample is fabricated one at a time, potentially leading to considerable uncertainty in later characterizations. We design and build an in-situ apparatus to measure thermoelectricity during their deposition inside a thermal evaporator. A temperature difference of up to 2 K is generated by a current passing through an on-chip resistor patterned using photolithography. The Seebeck voltage is measured on a Hall bar structure of a film deposited through a shadow mask. The measurement system is calibrated carefully before loading into the thermal evaporator. This in-situ thermoelectricity measurement system has been thoroughly tested on various materials, including Bi, Te, and Bi$_2$Te$_3$, at high temperatures up to 500 K

Pedagogy undergraduates’ perception on twenty-first century skills

Teachers head up their students to the bright future, their role is indispensable, especially in the 21st century, which expects them to be energetic and flexible to apply knowledge to the daily life and carrier task. Examining the perception on 21st century skills teaching of pedagogy teacher-to-be undergraduates - plays a vital role in identifying deficits in teachers’ professional development; as well as organizing training programs to enhance their knowledge and skills. To the best of our knowledge, no study to date has examined pedagogy undergraduates’ perception in Vietnam. This study aimed at examining Vietnamese undergraduates' perception on teaching the 21st century skills. Our crosssectional study used the 21st Century Skills Teaching Scale. Descriptive analysis and ANOVA were performed in this research. The results showed that: (1) Vietnamese pedagogy students had a high level of perception on teaching the 21st century skills; (2) there was no gender difference in their perception; and (3) there was no significant difference in their perception regard to their school years and (4) there was significant difference between those having joined soft skill courses at their university and those having not joined anyone

Current medical product development for diagnosis, surgical planning and treatment in the areas of Neurosurgery, Orthopeadic and Dental-Cranio-Maxillofacial surgery in Vietnam

With the population of 86 million and good GDP growth in recent decades, the medical market in Vietnam is growing fast. However, most of the medical technology products are imported, and the number of locally manufactured ones is limited and they do not have the high competition capability in term of quality, quantity and types. In this paper, the current product development in Vietnam for diagnosis, surgical planning and treatment in the areas of Rehabilitation, Neurosurgery, Orthopeadic and Dental-Cranio-Maxillofacial surgery is presented. A roadmap for medical technology development in Vietnam is propose

ベトナム国北部におけるイネ遺伝資源の共同調査と収集

This exploration mission was undertaken to collect rice germplasm in the two provinces, Thanh Hoa and Nghe An of northern Vietnam from November 5 to December 4 in 1996. A total of 154 seed samples were collected. Most of them are glutinous landraces of upland rice. Landraces cultivated in irrigated fields have been replaced by improved cultivars, CR203 and IR17494 and hybrid rice from China, even in mountainous regions. Arable lands of upland rice have decreased in these two provinces because of a shift to other crops

Fabrication and Magnetic Properties of Mn1 - xZnxFe2O4 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.8) Nanoparticles

In this paper, we report results on the fabrication and magnetic properties of spinel ferrite Mn1-xZnxFe2O4 (0 ≤ x ≤ 0.8) nanoparticles. The nanoparticles were synthesized by a co-precipitation method. The effects of substituting Zn for Mn on the magnetic properties and particles size were focused. It was found that the phase-formation temperature is 90OC and the average particle size decreases from 40 nm to 10 nm when increased Zn concentration from zero to 0.8. The Curie temperature TC strongly decreases from 585 K (x = 0) to 320 K (x = 0.8) concomitantly with a decrease of the saturation magnetization MS. With a TC of 320 K and MS of 17 emu/g, the x=0.8 sample could be a promising candidate for some biomedical applications

The clinical features of osteogenesis imperfecta in Vietnam

Purpose Osteogenesis imperfecta (OI) has not been studied in a Vietnamese population before. The aim of this study was to systematically collect epidemiological information, investigate clinical features and create a clinical database of OI patients in Vietnam for future research and treatment strategy development. Method Participants underwent clinical and physical examinations; also medical records were reviewed. Genealogical information was collected and family members’ phenotypical manifestations recorded. Cases were classified according to the Sillence classification. Results In total, 146 OI patients from 120 families were studied: 46 with OI Type I, 46 with Type III and 54 with Type IV. Almost patients had skeletal deformations. One hundred and forty-two had a history of fractures, 117 blue sclera, 89 dentinogenesis imperfecta and 26 hearing loss. The total number of fractures was 1,932. Thirty-four patients had intra-uterine fractures and nine had perinatal fractures. Surgery was performed 163 times in 58 patients; 100 osteosyntheses and 63 osteotomies. Bisphosphonate treatment was used in 37 patients. The number of affected individuals and predominance of severe forms of OI indicate that the disease is under diagnosed in Vietnam, especially in cases without a family history or with mild form of OI. Deformities appeared in all patients with different severity and localisation, affecting mostly the lower limbs. OI medical and surgical treatment rates are low and in most cases surgery was performed due to fractures. Conclusions Compared to previous studies, our results indicate a lower OI prevalence and greater severity of symptoms in the Vietnamese population when compared with other areas. Further investigation, improved diagnosis and treatment are needed to increase the patients’ quality of life