Treatment of Combined Acid Black 48 and Coffee Wastewater by Low-Cost Adsorbents

© 2020, Kaunas University of Technology. All rights reserved. Removal of synthetic dyes from wastewater is essential both from the environmental and human health point of view. A small concentration of synthetic dyes can reduce water transparency and consequently influence photosynthesis and alter aquatic ecosystems. Acid black 48 is an Azo dye that falls under the category of synthetic dyes used in the textile industry. With dyes, coffee wastewater has high chemical oxygen demand (COD) that can affect dissolved oxygen (DO) in surface waters. A mixture of wastes in surface waters creates a need to investigate the efficiency of existing treatment methods and optimize them. Adsorption using activated carbon is a conventional method used to remove dyes and heavy metals from wastewater. Industries prefer efficient and economical treatment methods to meet challenging effluent standards regarding COD, BOD, and intensi-ty of color. The adsorption process was optimized using low-cost adsorbents in the current study, including peanut hull and onion peel, to treat a binary mixture of acid black 48 and coffee wastewater. After adsorption, microfiltration was used to remove any suspended solids from the wastewater solution. The performance of combined treatment processes for the color removal of the binary mixture was analyzed and compared using transmittance and absorbance. Treatment efficiency of adsorption using low-cost adsorbents was compared with powdered activated carbon. Apart from absorbance and transmittance, non-purgeable organic carbon (NPOC) values were analyzed to determine organic carbon removal in the combined binary wastewater. Experimental results indicated that Langmuir isotherm was the best fit for a binary mixture with an optimum dosage of 1.2 g using onion peel. The regression coefficient value was 0.82, and the uptake was 58.13 mg of binary mixture per 1 g of onion peel. The effective pH for maximum uptake of acid black 48 using onion peel for adsorption was 5.7. The increasing dosage of low-cost adsorbents adsorption improved in removing binary waste of dyes and coffee waste from wastewater. Adsorption using onion peel improved adsorbent performance up to 1.2 g dosage and steadily decreased beyond that. The adsorption capacity of onion peel was comparatively higher than the peanut hull based on the linear fit

Application of Ionizing Radiation in Wastewater Treatment: An Overview

© 2019 by the authors. Technological applications of nuclear science and technology in different sectors have proved their reliabilities and sustainability over decades. These applications have supported various human civilization needs, ranging from power generation to industrial, medical, and environmental applications. Environmental applications of radiation sources are used to support decision making processes in many fields; including the detection and analysis of pollutant transport, water resources management, and treatment of municipal and industrial wastewaters. This work reviewed recent advances in the research and applications of ionizing radiation in treating different wastewater euents. The main objective of the work is to highlight the role of ionizing radiation technology in the treatment of complex wastewater euents generated from various human activities and to address its sustainability. Results of both laboratory and industrial scale applications of this treatment technology have been reviewed, and information on operational safety of industrial irradiators, which affect the sustainability of this technology, has been summarized

運動誘発性炎症とリポ多糖による炎症に対するポリフェノールの抗炎症作用の解析

早大学位記番号:新7712早稲田大

Treatment of Vegetable Oil Refining Wastes

The common vegetable oils are soybean, sesame, sunflower, corn, canola, and cotton seeds. Their yields, compositions and physical and chemical properties determine their usefulness in various applications aside edible uses. Crude oils obtained by pressing of such vegetable seeds are not usually considered to be edible before the removal of various nonglyceride compounds through operations known as refining. The refining processes remove undesirable materials such as phospholipids, monoacylglycerols, diacylglycerols, free fatty acids, colour and pigments, oxidised materials, etc., but, may also remove valuable minor components such as antioxidants and vitamins (carotenes and tocopherols). The major steps involved in chemical refining include degumming, neutralizing, bleaching, and deodorizing which are the main sources of the effluent. The chapter covers refining steps, its environmental impacts, waste characterization, source reduction, recovery and treatment technologies

Reduction of false sharing by using process affinity in page-based distributed shared memory mutiprocessor systems

In page-based distributed shared memory systems, a large page size makes efficient use of interconnection network, but increases the chance of false sharing, while a small page size reduces the level of false sharing but results in an inefficient use of the network. This paper proposes a technique that uses process affinity to achieve data pages clustering so as to optimize the temporal data locality on DSM systems, and therefore reduces the chance of false sharing and improves the data locality. To quantify the degree of process affinity for a piece of data, a measure called process affinity index is used that indicates the closeness between this piece of data and the process. Simulation results show that process affinity technique improves the execution performance as page size increases due to the effective reduction of fair sharing. In the best case an order of magnitude performance improvement is achieved.published_or_final_versio