79 research outputs found
Cell-specific conditional deletion of interleukin-1 (IL-1) ligands and its receptors : a new toolbox to study the role of IL-1 in health and disease
The pro-inflammatory cytokine interleukin-1 (IL-1) plays a key role in many physiological processes and during the inflammatory and immune response to most common diseases. IL-1 exists as two agonists, IL-1α and IL-1β that bind to the only signaling IL-1 type 1 receptor (IL-1R1), while a second decoy IL-1 type 2 receptor (IL-1R2) binds both forms of IL-1 without inducing cell signaling. The field of immunology and inflammation research has, over the past 35 years, unraveled many mechanisms of IL-1 actions, through in vitro manipulation of the IL-1 system or by using genetically engineered mouse models that lack either member of the IL-1 family in ubiquitous constitutive manner. However, the limitation of global mouse knockout technology has significantly hampered our understanding of the precise mechanisms of IL-1 actions in animal models of disease. Here we report and review the recent generation of new conditional mouse mutants in which exons of Il1a, Il1b, Il1r1, and Il1r2 genes flanked by loxP sites (fl/fl) can be deleted in cell-/tissue-specific constitutive or inducible manner by Cre recombinase expression. Hence, IL-1αfl/fl, IL-1βfl/fl, IL-1R1fl/fl, and IL-1R2fl/fl mice constitute a new toolbox that will provide a step change in our understanding of the cell-specific role of IL-1 and its receptor in health and disease and the potential development of targeted IL-1 therapies
Entanglement can increase asymptotic rates of zero-error classical communication over classical channels
It is known that the number of different classical messages which can be
communicated with a single use of a classical channel with zero probability of
decoding error can sometimes be increased by using entanglement shared between
sender and receiver. It has been an open question to determine whether
entanglement can ever increase the zero-error communication rates achievable in
the limit of many channel uses. In this paper we show, by explicit examples,
that entanglement can indeed increase asymptotic zero-error capacity, even to
the extent that it is equal to the normal capacity of the channel.
Interestingly, our examples are based on the exceptional simple root systems E7
and E8.Comment: 14 pages, 2 figur
Experimental vertical stability studies for ITER performance and design
Operating experimental devices have provided key inputs to the design process for ITER axisymmetric control. In particular, experiments have quantified controllability and robustness requirements in the presence of realistic noise and disturbance environments, which are difficult or impossible to characterize with modelling and simulation alone. This kind of information is particularly critical for ITER vertical control, which poses the highest demands on poloidal field system performance, since the consequences of loss of vertical control can be severe. This work describes results of multi-machine studies performed under a joint ITPA experiment (MDC-13) on fundamental vertical control performance and controllability limits. We present experimental results from Alcator C-Mod, DIII-D, NSTX, TCV and JET, along with analysis of these data to provide vertical control performance guidance to ITER. Useful metrics to quantify this control performance include the stability margin and maximum controllable vertical displacement. Theoretical analysis of the maximum controllable vertical displacement suggests effective approaches to improving performance in terms of this metric, with implications for ITER design modifications. Typical levels of noise in the vertical position measurement and several common disturbances which can challenge the vertical control loop are assessed and analysed.United States Department of Energy (DE-FC02-04ER54698, DEAC52- 07NA27344, and DE-FG02-04ER54235
Optimization of the Strength-Fracture Toughness Relation in Particulate-Reinforced Aluminum Composites via Control of the Matrix Microstructure
The article of record as published may be found at http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11661-998-0119-9The evolution of the microstructure and mechanical properties of a 17.5 vol. pct SiC particulatereinforced
aluminum alloy 6092-matrix composite has been studied as a function of postfabrication
processing and heat treatment. It is demonstrated that, by the control of particulate distribution, matrix
grain, and substructure and of the matrix precipitate state, the strength-toughness combination in the
composite can be optimized over a wide range of properties, without resorting to unstable, underaged
(UA) matrix microstructures, which are usually deemed necessary to produce a higher fracture toughness
than that displayed in the peak-aged condition. Further, it is demonstrated that, following an
appropriate combination of thermomechanical processing and unconventional heat treatment, the
composite may possess better stiffness, strength, and fracture toughness than a similar unreinforced
alloy. In the high- and low-strength matrix microstructural conditions, the matrix grain and substructure
were found to play a substantial role in determining fracture properties. However, in the intermediate-
strength regime, properties appeared to be optimizable by the utilization of heat treatments
only. These observations are rationalized on the basis of current understanding of the grain size
dependence of fracture toughness and the detailed microstructural features resulting from thermomechanical
treatments.United States Army Research OfficeArmy Research LabratoryUnited States Air Force Office of Scientific ResearchWright Materials LabratoryDWA Composite
Letters from the Aegean. By James Emerson Esq.
Preface: Emerson, James (esq.)Dedication: Rev. John O. OldfieldContent description: IndexIllustration: 2 (Maps ,Views ,)Pagination: PP16+244P, PP8+266PVolumes: 2Text Genre:LettersIllustration: 2 (χάρτες ,τοπία ,
Tableau de la Grèce en 1825, ou récit des voyages de M.J. Emerson et du Cte Pecchio, traduit de l' Anglais ... et augmenté d’un précis des événemens qui ont eu lieu depuis le départ de ces voyageurs jusqu' à ce jour.
Preface: Cohen ,JeanAppendix.Dedication:Content description: Detailed contentsIllustration: 1 (varia ,)Pagination: PP18+464PVolumes: 1Text Genre:Journal / ProseIllustration: 1 (άλλα θέματα ,
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