Buen vivir : la irrupción de América Latina en el campo gravitacional del desarrollo sostenible

Este artículo esta asociado al proyecto FONDECYT nº 1110428 (CONICYT - Chile). Una version francesa (adaptada) del presente artículo esta publicada en el número 46 de la revista Ecologie & Politique dedicado a las Ecologías políticas actuales en América Latina (Vanhulst y Beling 2013). Agradecemos cordialmente Alejandro Pelfini, Edwin Zaccaï y Joan Martinez-Alier por sus lecturas atentas y sus valiosos comentarios.En el presente artículo, proponemos una revisión del contenido del Buen vivir como discurso emergente dentro del "campo gravitacional" del desarrollo sostenible: su génesis, sus fundamentos y su singularidad. En primer lugar, consideraremos las críticas al discurso del desarrollo y a su heredero directo: el desarrollo sostenible. Luego revisaremos brevemente la posición de América Latina en el campo discursivo global del desarrollo sostenible y el lugar del Buen vivir dentro de las controversias en torno a este campo. Abrevando en el imaginario tradicional de los pueblos originarios del continente, este nuevo discurso fue teorizado en la esfera académica y traducido en principios normativos que han permeado la esfera política, lo que es visible especialmente en Ecuador y Bolivia. En este artículo nos referimos al "Buen vivir" como la reelaboración contemporánea del concepto quechua Sumak Kawsay y conceptos afines de otros pueblos autóctonos. Incluye tanto la idea de una interdependencia entre la sociedad y su medio ambiente natural como también una concepción de lo universal como realidad plural. Por último, más allá de sus implicancias para el debate medio ambiental, la propuesta del Buen vivir implica también una redefinición de las relaciones entre ciudadanía, Estado y mercado.This paper aims at reviewing the content of Buen vivir as an emergent discourse within the "gravitational field" of sustainable development: its genesis, its foundations and its singularity. First, we consider the criticisms to the development discourse and to its direct descendant: sustainable development. Next, we review the position of Latin America in the global discursive field of sustainable development and the situation of Buen vivir facing the debates therein. Drawing on the traditional repository of the aboriginal cultures of the continent, this new discourse has been theorized in the academic sphere and translated into normative principles that have permeated the political sphere, which is especially visible in the cases of Ecuador and Bolivia. In this article we refer to "Buen vivir" as the contemporary reelaboration of the quechua concept Sumak Kawsay, and other similar concepts from other indigenous nations. It includes both the idea of interdependence between society and its natural environment, as well as a conception of the universal as plural. Lastly, beyond its implications for environmental debate, Buen vivir also involves an imperative for the redefinition of relations between the citizenry, the state and the market

Transition times and stochastic resonance for multidimensional diffusions with time periodic drift: A large deviations approach

We consider potential type dynamical systems in finite dimensions with two meta-stable states. They are subject to two sources of perturbation: a slow external periodic perturbation of period $T$ and a small Gaussian random perturbation of intensity $\epsilon$, and, therefore, are mathematically described as weakly time inhomogeneous diffusion processes. A system is in stochastic resonance, provided the small noisy perturbation is tuned in such a way that its random trajectories follow the exterior periodic motion in an optimal fashion, that is, for some optimal intensity $\epsilon (T)$. The physicists' favorite, measures of quality of periodic tuning--and thus stochastic resonance--such as spectral power amplification or signal-to-noise ratio, have proven to be defective. They are not robust w.r.t. effective model reduction, that is, for the passage to a simplified finite state Markov chain model reducing the dynamics to a pure jumping between the meta-stable states of the original system. An entirely probabilistic notion of stochastic resonance based on the transition dynamics between the domains of attraction of the meta-stable states--and thus failing to suffer from this robustness defect--was proposed before in the context of one-dimensional diffusions. It is investigated for higher-dimensional systems here, by using extensions and refinements of the Freidlin--Wentzell theory of large deviations for time homogeneous diffusions. Large deviations principles developed for weakly time inhomogeneous diffusions prove to be key tools for a treatment of the problem of diffusion exit from a domain and thus for the approach of stochastic resonance via transition probabilities between meta-stable sets.Comment: Published at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/105051606000000385 in the Annals of Applied Probability (http://www.imstat.org/aap/) by the Institute of Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org

PEACEMAKERS Project: “Peace dialogue campus network: fostering positive attitudes between migrants and youth in hosting societies”: needs analysis

Peacemakers Project team members: Koç University: Project Coordinator: Nilüfer Akpınar Şahin,Scientific Coordinator: Dr. Şebnem Köşer Akçapar, Project Assistant: Bora Berke Şahin; Universidade Aberta: Doutor Mário José Filipe da Silva, Doutor Lúcio Sousa, Doutora Rosa Maria Sequeira, Doutor Joaquim Gronita, Prof. Doutora Natália Ramos; University of Bologna: Prof. Monica Rubini, Prof. Silvia Moscatelli, Dr. Michela Menegatti, Dr. Elisabetta Crocetti, Dr. Francesca Prati, Dr. Flavia Albarello; Erasmus University Rotterdam: Phyllis Livaha; Gaziantep University: Prof. Dr. Metin Bedir, Ins. Simge Akbaş; Humboldt Universitat zu Berlin: Dr. Matthes, Ms. Kristin Küter.The ongoing refugee crisis in Europe and Turkey reinforced xenophobic and anti-immigrant sentiment, manifested in attacks on migrants, and those perceived as foreigners and support for populist anti-immigration parties in many European Union (EU) states. In many of the EU member states, high levels of immigration appear to have produced an increase in hostility toward immigrants (Quillian 1995; McLaren 1996b), increased support for right-wing parties (Knigge 1998; Lewis-Beck & Mitchell 1993), and even produced violent right-wing behaviour (McLaren 1999). “In September, United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights Zeid Ra’ad al-Hussein warned leaders of populist parties in Europe about the corrosive effect on societies of their instrumentalization of bigotry and xenophobia for political ends.” (Human Rights Watch, 2017). As we see this trend continuing in Europe and Turkey, the question to ask is how to reduce intergroup prejudice and discrimination in order to promote inter-ethnic social inclusion. Indeed, immigration is very often source of “shock of the culture” for both native and immigrant people, often leading to what is called the “integration crisis”, that is, a conflictual situation among individuals with different geographical, cultural, or ethnic background. Such crisis is often caused by the necessity for individuals to redefine social interactions and norms that are adaptive for all social groups. To do this, it is essential to understand the perspective of both native, or the majority, and immigrant people, or the minority group. Research on social integration has shown that the inclusion of the new members in the host societies is the basis for social cohesion (Fleras, 2009), and continuous positive contacts between members of different groups (Allport, 1954) are necessary, as they increase native people’ knowledge about immigrants and vice versa, then break prejudices and stereotypes, facilitating the social cohesion.With the support of the Erasmus+ Program of the European Unioninfo:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersio