53 research outputs found
Molecular Dynamics for Low Temperature Plasma-Surface Interaction Studies
The mechanisms of physical and chemical interactions of low temperature
plasmas with surfaces can be fruitfully explored using molecular dynamics (MD)
simulations. MD simulations follow the detailed motion of sets of interacting
atoms through integration of atomic equations of motion, using inter-atomic
potentials that can account for bond breaking and formation that result when
energetic species from the plasma impact surfaces. This article summarizes the
current status of the technique for various applications of low temperature
plasmas to material processing technologies. The method is reviewed, and
commonly used inter-atomic potentials are described. Special attention is paid
to the use of MD in understanding various representative applications,
including tetrahedral amorphous carbon film deposition from energetic carbon
ions; the interactions of radical species with amorphous hydrogenated silicon
films; silicon nano-particles in plasmas; and plasma etching.Comment: Manuscript #271801, Accepted in J. Phys. D, November 10th, 200
2022 Review of Data-Driven Plasma Science
Data-driven science and technology offer transformative tools and methods to science. This review article highlights the latest development and progress in the interdisciplinary field of data-driven plasma science (DDPS), i.e., plasma science whose progress is driven strongly by data and data analyses. Plasma is considered to be the most ubiquitous form of observable matter in the universe. Data associated with plasmas can, therefore, cover extremely large spatial and temporal scales, and often provide essential information for other scientific disciplines. Thanks to the latest technological developments, plasma experiments, observations, and computation now produce a large amount of data that can no longer be analyzed or interpreted manually. This trend now necessitates a highly sophisticated use of high-performance computers for data analyses, making artificial intelligence and machine learning vital components of DDPS. This article contains seven primary sections, in addition to the introduction and summary. Following an overview of fundamental data-driven science, five other sections cover widely studied topics of plasma science and technologies, i.e., basic plasma physics and laboratory experiments, magnetic confinement fusion, inertial confinement fusion and high-energy-density physics, space and astronomical plasmas, and plasma technologies for industrial and other applications. The final section before the summary discusses plasma-related databases that could significantly contribute to DDPS. Each primary section starts with a brief introduction to the topic, discusses the state-of-the-art developments in the use of data and/or data-scientific approaches, and presents the summary and outlook. Despite the recent impressive signs of progress, the DDPS is still in its infancy. This article attempts to offer a broad perspective on the development of this field and identify where further innovations are required
Combining the effects of process design and pH for improved xylose conversion in high solid ethanol production from Arundo donax
Lawson criterion for ignition exceeded in an inertial fusion experiment
For more than half a century, researchers around the world have been engaged in attempts to achieve fusion ignition as a proof of principle of various fusion concepts. Following the Lawson criterion, an ignited plasma is one where the fusion heating power is high enough to overcome all the physical processes that cool the fusion plasma, creating a positive thermodynamic feedback loop with rapidly increasing temperature. In inertially confined fusion, ignition is a state where the fusion plasma can begin "burn propagation" into surrounding cold fuel, enabling the possibility of high energy gain. While "scientific breakeven" (i.e., unity target gain) has not yet been achieved (here target gain is 0.72, 1.37Â MJ of fusion for 1.92Â MJ of laser energy), this Letter reports the first controlled fusion experiment, using laser indirect drive, on the National Ignition Facility to produce capsule gain (here 5.8) and reach ignition by nine different formulations of the Lawson criterion
Enhanced lipid production by Rhodosporidium toruloides using different fed-batch feeding strategies with lignocellulosic hydrolysate as the sole carbon source
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