Turnover Intentions in Pakistani Telecommunication Industries: An Empirical Assessment

Organizational socialization is assumed to be a vitally important influence on job satisfaction, organizational commitment, innovation, cooperation, and ultimately organizational performance. There is a fundamental assumption underlying virtually all existing work on organizational socialization that all newcomers will remain with an organization for some time. The research presented here begins to relax some of the assumptions underlying current models of socialization where the organization and the new recruit are going concerns. Accordingly, this research is trying to investigate the impact of organizational supported socialization tactics on turn over intentions of new comers working in telecommunication industry of Pakistan. Moreover, this report will also examine the mediating role of job embeddedness (on-the-job embeddedness and off-the-job embeddedness) in the relationships of organizational supported socialization tactics and turnover intentions. To explore the study's objectives, data collected from 300 employees working in five different telecommunication companies of Pakistan. Findings here suggest that workers are quite distinct in how long they expect to stay with a firm, regardless of their explicit labor contract, and that this variance in anticipated tenure does make a difference in the extent to which these newcomers learn and adapt to their organizations, their jobs, and their social environments, and in the outcomes they experience. This research provides clear empirical support that how long newcomers expect to maintain a relationship with their new organizations has a profound impact on their socialization experiences, and explores the nuances of the impact of this anticipated tenure alone and in interaction with other factors on the socialization process and its outcomes

Pressures for sub-supplier sustainability compliance: the importance of target markets in textile and garment supply chains

We propose that sub-supplier sustainability compliance in developing economies' textile and garment supply chains can be more effectively realized by understanding sub-suppliers' target markets. We introduce the concept of sub-suppliers' customer share of production as the share of production that sub-suppliers sell to “exporting” direct suppliers that cater to the international market vis-à-vis “local” direct suppliers that cater to the domestic market. Through this concept and qualitative evidence, we offer a model outlining that as sub-suppliers sell more to exporting direct suppliers, they encounter increased coercive, competitive, and collaborative pressures for sustainability compliance. This article contributes to the multi-tier sustainable supply chain management literature by illustrating how target markets exert pressures for sub-supplier sustainability compliance, and why some sub-suppliers are more inclined to invest in sustainability compliance, some decouple from it, and others invest beyond compliance. We conclude with business strategy guidelines for managers in textile and garment supply chains

The red and green signals for industrial salesforce: testing an integrated framework

Purpose A highly competitive business environment needs a creative strategy for long-term survival and a competitive advantage in an uncertain market environment. This objective induces organizations to adopt innovative workplace behavior for better performance. Accordingly, this study aims to examine the impact of spirit at work (SAW), perceived identifiability and shared responsibility on innovative work behavior (IWB) and task performance. Design/methodology/approach The data was collected from 72 business-to-business (B2B) sales teams consisting of 561 employees working in Pakistan's B2B industries. The data was then analyzed using PROCESS macro to test the research hypotheses. Findings The results have shown a surprising and inconsistent finding where shared responsibility has a relatively more substantial and positive influence on IWB and task performance than perceived identifiability and SAW. Research limitations/implications The shared responsibility dimension of "social loafing theory" always negatively influences work-related outcomes, but this study refutes this claim. Therefore, researchers should explore social loafing theory in cultures with a higher collectivism score on the Hofstede cultural model. Practical implications This study motivates the sales manager to reassess the shared responsibility concept, as it may play a synergetic role in boosting innovation in selling approaches. Originality/value As per the researchers' best knowledge, research on social loafing theory has never been conducted in a selling context, specifically in a collectivistic society

Biometric and Ultrasonographic Evaluation of the Testis of One-humped Camel (Camelus dromedarius)

Twenty four adult clinically healthy one-humped male camels (Camelus dromedarius) were examined three times (beginning, mid and end) in each season (winter, spring, summer and autumn) for establishing the normal ultrasonic appearance and seasonal changes in the testicular parenchyma in the natural ecology of Punjab, Pakistan. The testes of each camel were scanned by using a B-mode real time ultrasound scanner fitted with a 7.5-MHz linear-array transducer. Scrotal biometry was done with the measuring tape during all the seasons of year. The tunics of the testes appeared as hyperechoic lines surrounding the homogenous, moderately echogenic parenchyma of the testis. The mediastinum testis was visualized as hyperechoic central line and a spot, in longitudinal and transverse sections, respectively. During winter season, the parenchyma was hyperechoic and mediastinum testis was seen as thin hyperechoic line. In spring, the echogenicity of parenchyma was moderate and mediastinum appeared relatively thick central hyperechoic line. In summer and autumn, less echoic parenchyma and thick band of mediastinum was recorded. Biometric studies showed significantly (P<0.01) higher scrotal length and width of the testis during winter and spring season as compared to summer and autumn. Present study revealed that the ultrasonic structure of camel testis resembles other mammals and season has an apparent effect on the testicular size and echogenicity of the testicular parenchyma in the one-humped camel

IN-VITRO COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THREE DIFFERENT BRANDS OF FAMOTIDINE40 MG TABLETS AVAILABLE IN LOCAL PHARMACIES OF KARACHI

Famotidine 40 mg film coated tablet by invitro comparative study , together with the official and non official compendial test. Famotidine is an aggressive inhibitor of histamine H2-receptors. The pivotal clinically critical pharmacologic activity of Famotidine is to hold of gastric discharge. Both the acid concentration and volume of gastric secreation are concealed by famotidine, while changes in pepsin discharge are relative to volume generation. Famotidine is more potent than other class of drugs like.the drug is intended to release after oral administration for immediate release so we execute testing analysis to illustrate the procedure, the major test for analyzing the effectiveness of drug comprises, dissolution , assay, disintegration time, thickness and weight variation in three brands available in market of Karachi Pakistan. The weight variation test shows outcomes within the limits and all brands dissolves within 30 minutes, every brand showed the drug dissolution more than 75 % within the 30 minutes ,all outcome showed good effectiveness and producing outcomes within the limits and complying the USP recomendation. Key Words: Compendial test, immediate release, competitive inhibitor, famotidine, tablet

Etiological and Clinical Spectrum of Acute Liver Failure of Infancy in Pakistan

  Objective: To describe the aetiology and clinical spectrum of acute liver failure of infancy at a tertiary care hospital Study Design: Cross-sectional study. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Paediatric Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Nutrition, Children Hospital and Institute of Child Health, Lahore, from Nov 2020 to May 2021. Methodology: Infants under 12 months of age were enrolled having liver-based coagulopathy (not corrected after two doses of parenteral vitamin K, 10 mg) with INR > 2, whether encephalopathy was present or not. Encephalo-pathy is difficult to identify in infants, so it was not essential for the diagnosis of ALFI in our study. Infants diagnosed with chronic liver disease at presentation or those without final etiological diagnosis were excluded. Results: A total of 31 infants were enrolled fulfilling the criteria of acute liver failure of infancy and were studied about aetiology and clinical presentation. The mean age of presentation was 4.64±3.16 months, and males predominated in the study group (64.5%). Common clinical features were in descending order ascites in 29 (93.5%), jaundice in 28 (90.3%), pallor in 24 (77.4%) and peripheral oedema in 21 (67.7%). Metabolic liver diseases were the common cause of ALFI, constituting around(18, 58%) followed by sepsis (9, 29%).Galactosemia (11, 35.5%) stands out among the metabolic causes. Conclusion: Metabolic disorders followed by sepsis are the most common cause of ALFI

CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY, HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT AND SUSTAINABLE PERFORMANCE: A MIXED METHOD APPROACH IN HOSPITALITY INDUSTRY

CORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY, HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT AND SUSTAINABLE PERFORMANCE: A MIXED METHOD APPROACH IN HOSPITALITY INDUSTRYCORPORATE SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY, HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT AND SUSTAINABLE PERFORMANCE: A MIXED METHOD APPROACH IN HOSPITALITY INDUSTR

“A healthy outside starts from the inside”: A matter of sustainable consumption behavior in Italy and Pakistan

The aim of this research is to determine people's motives when purchasing organic food and how these motives are moderated by price sensitivity and ethical concerns in a cross-cultural setting. A highly structured questionnaire was used to collect the data from 673 Italian and 594 Pakistani consumers, using the convenience sampling technique. Based on the etic research approach, the measurement invariance tests were performed, and data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. The results indicate that environmental concerns and health-consciousness are significant predictors of subjective norms and purchase attitudes among Italian consumers. Food safety concern proved the strongest predictor of purchase attitude and perceived behavioral control among Pakistani consumers. The results also confirm the moderating role of ethical concerns and price sensitivity in buying organic food in both cultures. In terms of originality, this study fills significant gaps in the literature, particularly regarding the roles of attitude, behavioral control, and subjective norms in consumer buying motives and purchasing intentions in cross-cultural studies but more importantly, the results validate that consumer concerns across the globe are related to the Sustainability Development Goals and the U.N. 2030 agenda, which aptly provides a blue print for the development and developmental goals and concerns across nations