75 research outputs found
The supercharge and superconformal symmetry for N=1 supersymmetric quantum mechanics
The superspace Lagrangian formulation of N=1 supersymmetric quantum mechanics
is presented. The general Lagrangian constructed out of chiral and antichiral
supercoordinates containing up to two derivatives and with a canonically
normalized kinetic energy term describes the motion of a nonrelativistic spin
1/2 particle with Land\'e g-factor 2 moving in two spatial dimensions under the
influence of a static but spatially dependent magnetic field. Noether's theorem
is derived for the general case and is used to construct superspace dependent
charges whose lowest components give the superconformal generators. The
supercoordinate of charges containing an R symmetry charge, the supersymmetry
charges and the Hamiltonian are combined to form a supercharge supercoordinate.
Superconformal Ward identities for the quantum effective action are derived
from the conservation equations and the source of potential symmetry breaking
terms are identified.Comment: 59 pages, LaTe
An epitaxial model for heterogeneous nucleation on potent substrates
© The Minerals, Metals & Materials Society and ASM International 2012In this article, we present an epitaxial model for heterogeneous nucleation on potent substrates. It is proposed that heterogeneous nucleation of the solid phase (S) on a potent substrate (N) occurs by epitaxial growth of a pseudomorphic solid (PS) layer on the substrate surface under a critical undercooling (ΔT ). The PS layer with a coherent PS/N interface mimics the atomic arrangement of the substrate, giving rise to a linear increase of misfit strain energy with layer thickness. At a critical thickness (h ), elastic strain energy reaches a critical level, at which point, misfit dislocations are created to release the elastic strain energy in the PS layer. This converts the strained PS layer to a strainless solid (S), and changes the initial coherent PS/N interface into a semicoherent S/N interface. Beyond this critical thickness, further growth will be strainless, and solidification enters the growth stage. It is shown analytically that the lattice misfit (f) between the solid and the substrate has a strong influence on both h and ΔT ; h decreases; and ΔT increases with increasing lattice misfit. This epitaxial nucleation model will be used to explain qualitatively the generally accepted experimental findings on grain refinement in the literature and to analyze the general approaches to effective grain refinement.EPSRC Centre for Innovative Manufacturing in Liquid Metal Engineerin
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