Analysis of the Chinese Translation of Metaphorical Expressions from the Perspective of Translator Behavior Criticism — A Case Study of the Chinese Translation of Faith in a Seed by Guangjun He and Yiren Chen

Faith in a Seed is known as “the pinnacle of Thoreau’s work” and its writing technique is influenced by literary tradition and rich rhetorical devices are employed. Based on Translator Behavior Criticism, using specific examples to describe and compare one typical rhetorical device such as metaphorical expressions in the Chinese translations of Faith in a Seed by Guangjun He and Yiren Chen, this paper explores the translators’ choices in the process of translation when facing different language environments. It is found that when dealing with two figures of speech, simile and metaphor, the He’s and Chen’s versions are very flexible in the choice of specific translation strategies, sometimes approaching the “truth-seeking” side, sometimes approaching the “utility-attaining” side; when it comes to metonymy, Chen’s version tends to be utility-attaining, while He’s version tends to be truth-seeking; When dealing with synecdoche, both the He’s and Chen’s versions tend to be truth-seeking

Loss of the tumor suppressor, Tp53, enhances the androgen receptor-mediated oncogenic transformation and tumor development in the mouse prostate.

Recent genome analysis of human prostate cancers demonstrated that both AR gene amplification and TP53 mutation are among the most frequently observed alterations in advanced prostate cancer. However, the biological role of these dual genetic alterations in prostate tumorigenesis is largely unknown. In addition, there are no biologically relevant models that can be used to assess the molecular mechanisms for these genetic abnormalities. Here, we report a novel mouse model, in which elevated transgenic AR expression and Trp53 deletion occur simultaneously in mouse prostatic epithelium to mimic human prostate cancer cells. These compound mice developed an earlier onset of high-grade prostatic intraepithelial neoplasia and accelerated prostate tumors in comparison with mice harboring only the AR transgene. Histological analysis showed prostatic sarcomatoid and basaloid carcinomas with massive squamous differentiation in the above compound mice. RNA-sequencing analyses identified a robust enrichment of the signature genes for human prostatic basal cell carcinomas in the above prostate tumors. Master regulator analysis revealed SOX2 as a transcriptional regulator in prostatic basal cell tumors. Elevated expression of SOX2 and its downstream target genes were detected in prostatic tumors of the compound mice. Chromatin immunoprecipitation analyses implicate a coregulatory role of AR and SOX2 in the expression of prostatic basal cell signature genes. Our data demonstrate a critical role of SOX2 in prostate tumorigenesis and provide mechanistic insight into prostate tumor aggressiveness and progression mediated by aberrant AR and p53 signaling pathways

Screening and Expression Analysis of Key Regulator Genes Associated with (Z)-3-Hexenal and (E)-2-Hexenal Transformation during Manufacturing Process of Oolong Tea

In this study, the contents of (Z)-3-hexenal and (E)-2-hexenal during oolong tea processing were measured and four (3Z):(2E)-hexenal isomerase (HI) genes were selected based on transcriptomic data. Meanwhile, the correlation between the changes of (Z)-3-hexenal and (E)-2-hexenal contents and related gene expression was analyzed. The results indicated that during oolong tea processing, one of the two compounds fell, while the other rose. Mechanical damage caused by tossing increased and reduced the contents of (Z)-3-hexenal and (E)-2-hexenal, respectively. Subsequent spreading contributed to the transformation of (Z)-3-hexenal into (E)-2-hexenal, resulting in an increase in the content of (E)-2-hexenal. The four selected genes all responded to mechanical stress and water deficit stress. The constructed phylogenetic tree indicated that CsHI was closely related to many germin-like proteins in plants such as tea (Camellia sinensis) and carrot (Daucus carota). This study provides a reference for clarifying the formation and transformation mechanism of volatile substances during oolong tea processing and improving the quality of oolong tea

Research on Bi-level Cooperative Robust Planning of Distributed Renewable Energy in Incremental Distribution Network Considering Demand Response

The paper constructs a two-level collaborative planning model for incremental distribution network considering demand response and distributed renewable energy access. In the upper model, the goal is to minimize the investment cost of the distribution network, and the lower model takes the system's operating cost optimally, fully considers the uncertainty of renewable energy output, and introduces robust optimization to solve it. It can be seen from the simulation results that the consideration of demand response in the distribution network planning is conducive to delaying investment costs, enhancing power user load flexibility, and effectively avoiding load shedding and other problems. The research results lay the foundation for the feasibility of demand response resources participating in power grid plannin

Diabetic retinopathy risk in patients with unhealthy lifestyle: A Mendelian randomization study

PurposeThis study aimed to investigate the causal association between unhealthy lifestyle factors and diabetic retinopathy (DR) risk and to determine better interventions targeting these modifiable unhealthy factors.DesignTwo-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) analysis was performed in this study. The inverse variance-weighted method was used as the primary method.MethodOur study included 687 single-nucleotide polymorphisms associated with unhealthy lifestyle factors as instrumental variables. Aggregated data on individual-level genetic information were obtained from the corresponding studies and consortia. A total of 292,622,3 cases and 739,241,18 variants from four large consortia (MRC Integrative Epidemiology Unit [MRC-IEU], Genetic Investigation of Anthropometric Traits [GIANT], GWAS & Sequencing Consortium of Alcohol and Nicotine Use [GSCAN], and Neale Lab) were included.ResultIn the MR analysis, a higher body mass index (BMI) (odds ratio [OR], 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.42, 1.30–1.54; P < 0.001] and cigarettes per day (OR, 95% CI = 1.16, 1.05–1.28; P = 0.003) were genetically predicted to be causally associated with an increased risk of DR, while patients with higher hip circumference (HC) had a lower risk of DR (OR, 95% CI = 0.85, 0.76–0.95; P = 0.004). In the analysis of subtypes of DR, the results of BMI and HC were similar to those of DR, whereas cigarettes per day were only related to proliferative DR (PDR) (OR, 95% CI = 1.18, 1.04–1.33; P = 0.009). In the MR-PRESSO analysis, a higher waist-to-hip ratio (WHR) was a risk factor for DR and PDR (OR, 95% CI = 1.24, 1.02–1.50, P = 0.041; OR, 95% CI = 1.32, 1.01–1.73, P = 0.049) after removing the outliers. Furthermore, no pleiotropy was observed in these exposures.ConclusionOur findings suggest that higher BMI, WHR, and smoking are likely to be causal factors in the development of DR, whereas genetically higher HC is associated with a lower risk of DR, providing insights into a better understanding of the etiology and prevention of DR

Analysis of Key Aroma Components of Three Representative Oolong Tea Varieties by Stir Bar Sorptive Extraction Combined with Gas Chromatography-Olfactory-Mass Spectrometry

Stir bar sorptive extraction (SBSE) combined with gas chromatography-olfactory-mass spectrometry (GC-O-MS) was used to identify and describe the key aroma components of three representative oolong tea varieties, Huangdan, Tieguanyin and Jinguanyin. Comparative analysis was conducted in terms of odor activity value (OAV), aroma character impact (ACI) value and sensory evaluation. The sensory evaluation showed that each variety showed obvious aroma characteristics. Huangdan oolong tea had an obvious floral aroma as well as a slight milky aroma. Tieguanyin oolong tea had a strong floral aroma. Jinguanyin oolong tea had a sweet fruity aroma as well as a slight woody aroma. According to the results of OAV and GC-O-MS analysis, geraniol, phytol, methyl jasmonate, trans-nerol tertiary alcohol, 2-nonone, and phenyl ethanol were identified as key aroma components in Huangdan oolong tea, which provided it with clean and high floral aroma and obvious milky aroma characteristics. In Tieguanyin oolong tea, linalool, 3,5-octylodiene-2-one, linalool oxide, cis-jasmonone, dehydrolinalool, and α-terpineol showed diverse floral aromas, which were closely related to the characteristic aroma of Tieguanyin oolong tea. The key aroma components identified in Jinguanyin oolong tea included linalool, canalaldehyde, geranyl acetone, cis-jasmonone and isoeugenol, which were responsible for the characteristic sweet floral and woody aromas of Jinguanyin oolong tea

Transgenic expression of Walleye dermal sarcoma virus rv-cyclin gene in zebrafish and its protective effect on liver-tumor development after carcinogen treatment

A retrovirus homologue gene of cellular cyclin D₁, walleye dermal sarcoma virus rv-cyclin gene (orf A or rv-cyclin), was expressed in the livers of zebrafish under the control of liver fatty-acid binding protein (lfabp) promoter. To prevent possible fatality caused by over-expression of the oncogene, the GAL4/UAS system was used to maintain the transgenic lines. Thus, both GAL4-activator, Tg(lfabp:GAL4), and UAS-effector, Tg(UAS:rvcyclin), lines were generated and the rv-cyclin gene was activated in the liver after crossing these two lines. Since no obvious neoplasial phenotypes were observed in the double-transgenic line, cancer susceptibility of the transgenic fish expressing rv-cyclin was tested by carcinogen treatment. Unexpectedly, transgenic fish expressing rv-cyclin gene (rvcyclin+) seemed to be more resistant to the carcinogen than were siblings not expressing this gene (rvcyclin–). Lower incidences of multiple and malignant liver tumors were observed in rvcyclin+ than in rvcyclin– fish, and the liver tumors in the rvcyclin+ group appeared later and less severe. These results suggest that expression of rv-cyclin protects the fish liver from carcinogen damage and delays onset of malignancy. This observation—from a transgenic fish model—may be relevant to studies of liver-cancer inhibition and regression.Keywords: Transgenic fish, Carcinogen, Liver neoplasia, Tumor regression, Walleye dermal sarcoma virus rv-cyclin geneKeywords: Transgenic fish, Carcinogen, Liver neoplasia, Tumor regression, Walleye dermal sarcoma virus rv-cyclin gen

Transcriptional response of USP18 predicts treatment outcomes of interferon-alpha in HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B patientsefere.

Ubiquitin-specific protease 18 (USP18) is an important inhibitor of interferon (IFN) antiviral activity, and the aim of this study was to investigate the association between the USP18 mRNA level change in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) when stimulated with IFN in vitro before initiating treatment and the treatment outcomes in HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B (CHB) patients treated with IFN. A total of 44 patients who received standard IFN-based anti-HBV therapy and follow-up were enrolled in the study. The in vitro IFN-induced USP18 mRNA change (USP18IFN-N ) was measured via comparison of quantitative PCR-determined USP18 transcription levels of BPMCs cultured with and without IFN stimulation. Either for virological (VR) or serological response (SR), the baseline USP18IFN-N was significantly higher (P = 0.018 for VR, P = 0.008 for SR) among nonresponders (n = 23 for VR, n = 33 for SR) than that of responders (n = 21 for VR, n = 11 for SR). Multivariate analyses revealed baseline USP18IFN-N was a novel independent predictor for either VR (OR = 0.292, 95% CI = 0.102-0.835, P = 0.022) or SR (OR = 0.173, 95% CI = 0.035-0.849, P = 0.031) in our cohort. In addition, baseline USP18IFN-N in combination with HBV DNA loads or HBeAg levels showed improved accuracy of pretreatment prediction for VR or SR responders, respectively. Baseline USP18IFN-N levels are associated with both virological and serological response, and have the potential to become a clinical predictor for treatment outcomes in HBeAg-positive CHB patients before initiating IFN-α therapy