Analysis of corrections to the eikonal approximation

Various corrections to the eikonal approximations are studied for two- and three-body nuclear collisions with the goal to extend the range of validity of this approximation to beam energies of 10 MeV/nucleon. Wallace's correction does not improve much the elastic-scattering cross sections obtained at the usual eikonal approximation. On the contrary, a semiclassical approximation that substitutes the impact parameter by a complex distance of closest approach computed with the projectile-target optical potential efficiently corrects the eikonal approximation. This opens the possibility to analyze data measured down to 10 MeV/nucleon within eikonal-like reaction models.Comment: 10 pages, 8 figure

The effects of high-frequency rTMS over the left DLPFC on cognitive control in young healthy participants

<div><p>A large body of evidence suggests that repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is clinically effective in treating neuropsychiatric disorders and multiple sessions are commonly used. However, it is unknown whether multiple sessions of rTMS improve cognitive control, which is a function of the neural circuitry of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC)-cingulate cortex in healthy individuals. In addition, it is still unclear which stages of neural processing are altered by rTMS. In this study, we investigated the effects of high-frequency rTMS on cognitive control and explored the time course changes of cognitive processing after rTMS using event-related potentials (ERPs). For seven consecutive days, 25 young healthy participants underwent one 10-Hz rTMS session per day in which stimulation was applied over the left DLPFC, and a homogeneous participant group of 25 individuals received a sham rTMS treatment. A Stroop task was performed, and an electroencephalogram (EEG) was recorded. The results revealed that multiple sessions of rTMS can decrease reaction time (RTs) under both congruent and incongruent conditions and also increased the amplitudes of both N2 and N450 compared with sham rTMS. The negative correlations between the mean amplitudes of both N2 and N450 and the RTs were found, however, the latter correlation were restricted to incongruent trials and the correlation was enhanced significantly by rTMS. This observation supports the view that high-frequency rTMS over the left DLPFC can not only recruit more neural resources from the prefrontal cortex by inducing an electrophysiologically excitatory effect but also enhance efficiency of resources to deploy for conflict resolution during multiple stages of cognitive control processing in healthy young people.</p></div

Additional file 1: Figure S1. of Trends in domain-specific physical activity and sedentary behaviors among Chinese school children, 2004–2011

a-d. Adjusted means for physical activity (MET-hours/week) in 2011 among Chinese school children by residence, gender, and age group, China Health and Nutrition Survey (CHNS)a. a Means are adjusted for income tertile, maternal education, and child age. (DOCX 752 kb

Analysis of the ToxCast Chemical-Assay Space Using the Comparative Toxicogenomics Database

Many studies have attempted to predict <i>in vivo</i> hazards based on the ToxCast <i>in vitro</i> assay results with the goal of using these predictions to prioritize compounds for conventional toxicity testing. Most of these conventional studies rely on <i>in vivo</i> end points observed using preclinical species (e.g., mice and rats). Although the preclinical animal studies provide valuable insights, there can often be significant disconnects between these studies and safety concerns in humans. One way to address these concerns, for an admittedly more limited set of compounds, is to explore relationships between the <i>in vitro</i> data from human cell lines and observations from human related studies. The Comparative Toxicogenomics Database (CTD; http://ctdbase.org) is a rich source of data linking chemicals to human diseases/adverse events and pathways. In this study we explored the relationships between ToxCast chemicals, their ToxCast <i>in vitro</i> test results, and their annotations of human disease/adverse event end points as captured in the CTD database. We mined these associations to identify potentially interesting, statistically significant <i>in vitro</i> assay and <i>in vivo</i> toxicity correlations. To the best of our knowledge, this is one of the first studies analyzing the relationships between the ToxCast <i>in vitro</i> assays results and the CTD disease/adverse event end point annotations. The <i>in vitro</i> profiles identified in this analysis may prove useful for prioritizing compounds for toxicity testing, suggesting mechanisms of toxicity, and forecasting potential <i>in vivo</i> human drug induced injury

The correlations between N2 amplitudes and RTs under two conditions at two time points in the rTMS and sham rTMS groups.

<p>The correlations between N2 amplitudes and RTs under two conditions at two time points in the rTMS and sham rTMS groups.</p

The correlations between N450 amplitudes and RTs under two conditions at two time points in the rTMS and sham rTMS groups.

<p>The correlations between N450 amplitudes and RTs under two conditions at two time points in the rTMS and sham rTMS groups.</p

The Experimental Design Flow Chart of the study.

<p>The Experimental Design Flow Chart of the study.</p

The mean accuracies and standard deviations of the Stroop task at two time points in the rTMS and sham rTMS groups.

<p>The mean accuracies and standard deviations of the Stroop task at two time points in the rTMS and sham rTMS groups.</p

Prospective Study of Optimal Obesity Index Cut-Off Values for Predicting Incidence of Hypertension in 18–65-Year-Old Chinese Adults

<p>The manuscript entitled "Prospective Study of Optimal Obesity Index Cut-Off Values for Predicting Incidence of Hypertension in 18–65-Year-Old Chinese Adults" was accepted by journal "PLoS ONE", with a doi of "10.1371/journal.pone.0148140". The file "k2" was the primary dataset of the manuscript.</p

The grand-average N2 and N450 waveforms and their scalp distributions in the two groups.

<p>A: The grand-average N2 and N450 waveforms under two conditions (congruent, incongruent) at two time points (T1, T2) in the rTMS group and sham rTMS group. The gray areas represent the time windows of the measured mean amplitudes of N2 (190–330 ms) and N450 (380–480 ms). B: The scalp distributions of N2. C: The scalp distributions of N450.</p