Calculation of dephasing times in closed quantum dots

Dephasing of one-particle states in closed quantum dots is analyzed within the framework of random matrix theory and Master equation. Combination of this analysis with recent experiments on the magnetoconductance allows for the first time to evaluate the dephasing times of closed quantum dots. These dephasing times turn out to depend on the mean level spacing and to be significantly enhanced as compared with the case of open dots. Moreover, the experimental data available are consistent with the prediction that the dephasing of one-particle states in finite closed systems disappears at low enough energies and temperatures.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figure

Spectral fluctuations effects on conductance peak height statistics in quantum dots

Within random matrix theory for quantum dots, both the dot's one-particle eigenlevels and the dot-lead couplings are statistically distributed. While the effect of the latter on the conductance is obvious and has been taken into account in the literature, the statistical distribution of the one-particle eigenlevels is generally replaced by a picket-fence spectrum. Here we take the random matrix theory eigenlevel distribution explicitly into account and observe significant deviations in the conductance distribution and magnetoconductance of closed quantum dots at experimentally relevant temperatures.Comment: 3 pages, 2 figure

Conductance fluctuations and weak localization in chaotic quantum dots

We study the conductance statistical features of ballistic electrons flowing through a chaotic quantum dot. We show how the temperature affects the universal conductance fluctuations by analyzing the influence of dephasing and thermal smearing. This leads us to two main findings. First, we show that the energy correlations in the transmission, which were overlooked so far, are important for calculating the variance and higher moments of the conductance. Second, we show that there is an ambiguity in the method of determination of the dephasing rate from the size of the of the weak localization. We find that the dephasing times obtained at low temperatures from quantum dots are underestimated.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figures, to appear in Phys. Rev. Let

Conductance Fluctuations of Open Quantum Dots under Microwave Radiation

We develop a time dependent random matrix theory describing the influence of a time-dependent perturbation on mesoscopic conductance fluctuations in open quantum dots. The effect of external field is taken into account to all orders of perturbation theory, and our results are applicable to both weak and strong fields. We obtain temperature and magnetic field dependences of conductance fluctuations. The amplitude of conductance fluctuations is determined by electron temperature in the leads rather than by the width of electron distribution function in the dot. The asymmetry of conductance with respect to inversion of applied magnetic field is the main feature allowing to distinguish the effect of direct suppression of quantum interference from the simple heating if the frequency of external radiation is larger than the temperature of the leads $\hbar\omega \gg T$.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figure

Decoherence in Nearly-Isolated Quantum Dots

Decoherence in nearly-isolated GaAs quantum dots is investigated using the change in average Coulomb blockade peak height upon breaking time-reversal symmetry. The normalized change in average peak height approaches the predicted universal value of 1/4 at temperatures well below the single-particle level spacing, but is greatly suppressed for temperature greater than the level spacing, suggesting that inelastic scattering or other dephasing mechanisms dominate in this regime.Comment: Significant revisions to include comparison to theory. Related papers available at http://marcuslab.harvard.ed

Orbital effect of in-plane magnetic field on quantum transport in chaotic lateral dots

We show how the in-plane magnetic field, which breaks time-reversal and rotational symmetries of the orbital motion of electrons in a heterostructure due to the momentum-dependent inter-subband mixing, affects weak localisation correction to conductance of a large-area chaotic lateral quantum dot and parameteric dependences of universal conductance fluctuations in it.Comment: 4 pages with a figur

Dephasing in the semiclassical limit is system-dependent

We investigate dephasing in open quantum chaotic systems in the limit of large system size to Fermi wavelength ratio, $L/\lambda_F >> 1$. We semiclassically calculate the weak localization correction $g^{wl}$ to the conductance for a quantum dot coupled to (i) an external closed dot and (ii) a dephasing voltage probe. In addition to the universal algebraic suppression $g^{wl} \propto (1+\tau_D/\tau_\phi)^{-1}$ with the dwell time $\tau_D$ through the cavity and the dephasing rate $\tau_\phi^{-1}$, we find an exponential suppression of weak localization by a factor $\propto \exp[-\tilde{\tau}/\tau_\phi]$, with a system-dependent $\tilde{\tau}$. In the dephasing probe model, $\tilde{\tau}$ coincides with the Ehrenfest time, $\tilde{\tau} \propto \ln [L/\lambda_F]$, for both perfectly and partially transparent dot-lead couplings. In contrast, when dephasing occurs due to the coupling to an external dot, $\tilde{\tau} \propto \ln [L/\xi]$ depends on the correlation length $\xi$ of the coupling potential instead of $\lambda_F$.Comment: 4 pages 3 figures (v2 contains numerous cosmetic changes

Mechanisms of change in psychotherapy for depression:An empirical update and evaluation of research aimed at identifying psychological mediators

We present a systematic empirical update and critical evaluation of the current status of research aimed at identifying a variety of psychological mediators in various forms of psychotherapy for depression. We summarize study characteristics and results of 35 relevant studies, and discuss the extent to which these studies meet several important requirements for mechanism research. Our review indicates that in spite of increased attention for the topic, advances in theoretical consensus about necessities for mechanism research, and sophistication of study designs, research in this field is still heterogeneous and unsatisfactory in methodological respect. Probably the biggest challenge in the field is demonstrating the causal relation between change in the mediator and change in depressive symptoms. The field would benefit from a further refinement of research methods to identify processes of therapeutic change. Recommendations for future research are discussed. However, even in the most optimal research designs, explaining psychotherapeutic change remains a challenge. Psychotherapy is a multi-dimensional phenomenon that might work through interplay of multiple mechanisms at several levels. As a result, it might be too complex to be explained in relatively simple causal models of psychological change

Photocurrent, Rectification, and Magnetic Field Symmetry of Induced Current Through Quantum Dots

We report mesoscopic dc current generation in an open chaotic quantum dot with ac excitation applied to one of the shape-defining gates. For excitation frequencies large compared to the inverse dwell time of electrons in the dot (i.e., GHz), we find mesoscopic fluctuations of induced current that are fully asymmetric in the applied perpendicular magnetic field, as predicted by recent theory. Conductance, measured simultaneously, is found to be symmetric in field. In the adiabatic (i.e., MHz) regime, in contrast, the induced current is always symmetric in field, suggesting its origin is mesoscopic rectification.Comment: related papers at http://marcuslab.harvard.ed

Distributions of the Conductance and its Parametric Derivatives in Quantum Dots

Full distributions of conductance through quantum dots with single-mode leads are reported for both broken and unbroken time-reversal symmetry. Distributions are nongaussian and agree well with random matrix theory calculations that account for a finite dephasing time, $\tau_\phi$, once broadening due to finite temperature $T$ is also included. Full distributions of the derivatives of conductance with respect to gate voltage $P(dg/dV_g)$ are also investigated.Comment: 4 pages (REVTeX), 4 eps figure