Nomenclatural corrections in calicioid fungi

Peer reviewe

Taxonomy and systematics of Hyaloscyphaceae and Arachnopezizaceae

The circumscription and composition of the Hyaloscyphaceae are controversial and based on poorly sampled or unsupported phylogenies. The generic limits within the hyaloscyphoid fungi are also very poorly understood. To address this issue, a robust five-gene Bayesian phylogeny (LSU, RPB1, RPB2, TEF-1α, mtSSU; 5521 bp) with a focus on the core group of Hyaloscyphaceae and Arachnopezizaceae is presented here, with comparative morphological and histochemical characters. A wide representative sampling of Hyaloscypha supports it as monophyletic and shows H. aureliella (subgenus Eupezizella) to be a strongly supported sister taxon. Reinforced by distinguishing morphological features, Eupezizella is here recognised as a separate genus, comprising E. aureliella, E. britannica, E. roseoguttata and E. nipponica (previously treated in Hyaloscypha). In a sister group to the Hyaloscypha-Eupezizella clade a new genus, Mimicoscypha, is created for three seldom collected and poorly understood species, M. lacrimiformis, M. mimica (nom. nov.) and M. paludosa, previously treated in Phialina, Hyalo­scypha and Eriopezia, respectively. The Arachnopezizaceae is polyphyletic, because Arachnoscypha forms a monophyletic group with Polydesmia pruinosa, distant to Arachnopeziza and Eriopezia; in addition, Arachnopeziza variepilosa represents an early diverging lineage in Hyaloscyphaceae s.str. The hyphae originating from the base of the apothecia in Arachnoscypha are considered anchoring hyphae (vs a subiculum) and Arachnoscypha is excluded from Arachnopezizaceae. A new genus, Resinoscypha, is established to accommodate Arachnopeziza variepilosa and A. monoseptata, originally described in Protounguicularia. Mimicoscypha and Resinoscypha are distinguished among hyaloscyphoid fungi by long tapering multiseptate hairs that are not dextrinoid or glassy, in combination with ectal excipulum cells with deep amyloid nodules. Unique to Resinoscypha is cyanophilous resinous content in the hairs concentrated at the apex and septa. Small intensely amyloid nodules in the hairs are furthermore characteristic for Resinoscypha and Eupezizella. To elucidate species limits and diversity in Arachnopeziza, mainly from Northern Europe, we applied genealogical concordance phylogenetic species recognition (GCPSR) using analyses of individual datasets (ITS, LSU, RPB1, RPB2, TEF-1α) and comparative morphology. Eight species were identified as highly supported and reciprocally monophyletic. Four of these are newly discovered species, with two formally described here, viz. A. estonica and A. ptilidiophila. In addition, Belonium sphagnisedum, which completely lacks prominent hairs, is here combined in Arachnopeziza, widening the concept of the genus. Numerous publicly available sequences named A. aurata represent A. delicatula and the confusion between these two species is clarified. An additional four singletons are considered to be distinct species, because they were genetically divergent from their sisters. A highly supported five-gene phylogeny of Arachnopezizaceae identified four major clades in Arachnopeziza, with Eriopezia as a sister group. Two of the clades include species with a strong connection to bryophytes; the third clade includes species growing on bulky woody substrates and with pigmented exudates on the hairs; and the fourth clade species with hyaline exudates growing on both bryophytes and hardwood. A morphological account is given of the composition of Hyaloscyphaceae and Arachnopezizaceae, including new observations on vital and histochemical characters.</p

Defoliation of Tilia cordata trees associated with Apiognomonia errabunda infection in Finland

We investigated the causative agent of a disease outbreak affecting small-leaved limes (Tilia cordata Mill.) and resulting in darkening of the leaf petioles and excessive defoliation during summer 2016 in southern Finland. The fungal species composition of the symptomatic petioles was examined by culture isolation and molecular identification using ITS rDNA sequences, which revealed the most prevalent fungal species present in the petioles as Apiognomonia errabunda (Roberge) Hhn. Based on reviewing curated herbarium specimens deposited at the Universities of Helsinki and Turku, A. errabunda is native and widely distributed in small-leaved limes in Finland, and occasionally infects also other broadleaved trees, including Quercus robur L. and ornamental species of Tilia L. and Fagus L. The ITS sequence analysis conducted during this study revealed minor within-species polymorphisms similar to those observed earlier in the Central European and Russian populations of A. errabunda, and reports the first nucleotide sequences of this species from the Nordic countries.Peer reviewe

Ascomycetes and anamorphic fungi growing on Plagiochila (Hepaticae) in Finland

Over 400 Finnish herbarium specimens of the hepatics Plagiochila asplenioides and the closely related P. porelloides were screened for the presence of fungi. The screening yielded ca. 200 recordings of bryicolous species belonging to the ascomycete genera Bryomyces, Dactylospora, Epibryon, Lichenopeltella, Octosporella, Pleostigma, and the anamorphic genus Epicoccum. With the exception of Epibryon plagiochilae, the species are new to Finland. They are described and illustrated. Their morphology, taxonomy and ecology are discussed and their distribution in Finland is mapped. A key is given to all known bryicolous fungi found on P. asplenioides (incl. P. porelloides).</small

Wood-inhabiting fungal responses to forest naturalness vary among morpho-groups

The general negative impact of forestry on wood-inhabiting fungal diversity is well recognized, yet the effect of forest naturalness is poorly disentangled among different fungal groups inhabiting dead wood of different tree species. We studied the relationship between forest naturalness, log characteristics and diversity of different fungal morpho-groups inhabiting large decaying logs of similar quality in spruce dominated boreal forests. We sampled all non-lichenized fruitbodies from birch, spruce, pine and aspen in 12 semi-natural forest sites of varying level of naturalness. The overall fungal community composition was mostly determined by host tree species. However, when assessing the relevance of the environmental variables separately for each tree species, the most important variable varied, naturalness being the most important explanatory variable for fungi inhabiting pine and aspen. More strikingly, the overall species richness increased as the forest naturalness increased, both at the site and log levels. At the site scale, the pattern was mostly driven by the discoid and pyrenoid morpho-groups inhabiting pine, whereas at the log scale, it was driven by pileate and resupinate morpho-groups inhabiting spruce. Although our study demonstrates that formerly managed protected forests serve as effective conservation areas for most wood-inhabiting fungal groups, it also shows that conservation planning and management should account for group- or host tree -specific responses.Peer reviewe

Morphological traits predict host-tree specialization in wood-inhabiting fungal communities

Tree species is one of the most important determinants of wood-inhabiting fungal community composition, yet its relationship with fungal reproductive and dispersal traits remains poorly understood. We studied fungal communities (total of 657 species) inhabiting broadleaved and coniferous dead wood (total of 192 logs) in 12 semi-natural boreal forests. We utilized a trait-based hierarchical joint species distribution model to examine how the relationship between dead wood quality and species occurrence correlates with reproductive and dispersal morphological traits. Broadleaved trees had higher species richness than conifers, due to discomycetoids and pyrenomycetoids specializing in them. Resupinate and pileate species were generally specialized in coniferous dead wood. Fungi inhabiting broadleaved trees had larger and more elongated spores than fungi in conifers. Spore size was larger and spore shape more spherical in species occupying large dead wood units. These results indicate the selective effect of dead wood quality, visible not only in species diversity, but also in reproductive and dispersal traits. (C) 2019 Elsevier Ltd and British Mycological Society. All rights reserved.peerReviewe

New national and regional biological records for Finland 1. Contributions to agaricoid and ascomycetoid taxa of fungi

Here we present records on 59 fungal taxa, based on recent field work and on herbarium studies. Of those 22 are reported here as new to Finland. Information concerning 37 taxa published elsewhere, is brought here together. Coordinates are given in Uniform Coordinate System (UCS)

New national and regional biological records for Finland 3. Contributions to agaricoid and ascomycetoid taxa of fungi 2

Agaricoid fungi (Basidiomycota): Amanita flavescens, Cortinarius brunneotinctus, Cortinarius claroplaniusculus, Cortinarius orasericeus, Cortinarius pardinipes, Cortinarius rufoallutus, Entoloma querquedula, Galerina calyptrospora, Galerina lacustris and Tricholomopsis flammula are reported as new to Finland. Three genera of ascomycetoid fungi (Ascomycota): Ascocodinea, Pseudoproboscispora, Scabropezia and 16 species are reported as new to Finland: Arachnocrea stipata, Ascocodinea polyporicola, Capronia parasitica, Diaporthe dulcamarae, Endoxylina astroidea, Gnomoniopsis tormentillae, Gorgoniceps hypothallosa, Helvella latispora, Helvella terrestris, Peziza celtica, Hypocrea estonica, Mycosphaerella topographica, Ophiobolus galii, Pseudoproboscispora caudae-suis, Roesleria subterranean, Scabropezia scabrosa. Information of species recently published elsewhere: Cortinarius alticaudus, Cortinarius bovinatus, Cortinarius cobaltinus, Cortinarius olympianus, Cortinarius sannio, Cortinarius sobrius, Cortinarius subfoetens is brought here together. New records of little collected and rare taxa: Cortinarius barbaricus, Desmazierella piceicola and Tuber anniae s.lat. are also listed. Corrections of previous information are given on: Cortinarius luteobrunnescens, Cortinarius metarius, Cortinarius patibilis and Cortinarius pseudonaevosus

New national and regional biological records for Finland 4. Contributions to agaricoid and ascomycetoid taxa of fungi 3

Agaricoid fungi (Basidiomycota): Cortinarius chromataphilus, Cortinarius croceocaeruleus, Cortinarius disjungendulus, Cortinarius nolaneiformis, Cortinarius olididisjungendus, Cortinarius piceidisjungendus, Crepidotus stenocystis, Entoloma callirhodon, Entoloma rhombisporum, Hydropus marginellus, Macrocystidia cucumis var. latifolia, Russula clementinae, Russula fellea, Russula mairei, Russula roseicolor and three ascomycetoid fungi (Ascomycota): Eutypella extensa, Octospora coccinea and Sporormiella megalospora are reported as new to Finland. Information of species recently published elsewhere: Cortinarius balteatialutaceus, Cortinarius balteatibulbosus, Cortinarius balteaticlavatus, Cortinarius boreicyanites, Cortinarius boreidionysae, Cortinarius brunneiaurantius, Cortinarius caesiocolor, Cortinarius caesiolamellatus, Cortinarius caesiophylloides, Cortinarius cremeiamarescens, Cortinarius flavipallens, Cortinarius infractiflavus, Cortinarius kytoevuorii, Cortinarius luteiaureus, Cortinarius myrtilliphilus, Cortinarius ochribubalinus, Cortinarius pallidirimosus, Cortinarius subrubrovelatus, Cortinarius talimultiformis, Inocybe fuscescentipes and Inocybe subpaleacea is brought here together. New records of little collected and rare taxa Camarops tubulina, Catathelasma imperiale, Entoloma longistriatum, Galerina calyptrospora, Hyaloscypha epiporia, Hymenogaster tener, Porpoloma metapodium and Sowerbyella imperialis are also listed. Corrections of previous information are given on: Cortinarius balteatoalbus, Cortinarius crassifolius (under C. coracis), Cortinarius cyanites, Cortinarius dionysae and Inocybe lindrothii

New national and regional biological records for Finland 5. Contributions to agaricoid and ascomycetoid taxa of fungi 4

One genera of agaricoid fungi (Basidiomycota): Romagnesiella and 12 species are reported as new to Finland: Agaricus macrocarpus, Arrhenia obatra, Arrhenia obscurata, Arrhenia rigidipes, Coprinellus brevisetulosus, Coprinus candidatus, Entoloma plebejum, Hydnum vesterholtii, Inocybe phaeocystidiosa, Mycena clavata, Omphalina arctica and Romagnesiella clavus. Two genera of ascomycetoid fungi (Ascomycota): Strossmayeria, Phaeomollisia and 8 species are reported as new to Finland: Arachnopeziza delicatula, Hyaloscypha diabolica, Hyalopeziza cf. tianschanica, Phaeomollisia piceae, Phialina pseudopuberula, Sphaeropezia hepaticarum, Strossmayeria basitricha and Trichopeziza subsulphurea. Information of species recently published elsewhere: Cortinarius angustisporus, C. cacaodiscus, C. caesioarmeniacus, C. centrirufus, C. crassisporus, C. cruentiphyllus, C. davemallochii, C. ferrugineovelatus, C. furvus, C. fuscescens, C. murinascens, C. privignipallens, C. pseudofervidus, C. roseivelatus, C. roseocastaneus, C. subbrunneoideus, C. subexitiosus, C. squamivenetus, C. uraceisporus, Hebeloma eburneum, H. salicicola, Hygrophorus exiguus and Psathyrella fennoscandica is brought here together. New records of little collected and rare taxa Coprinopsis patouillardii, Cuphophyllus cinerellus, Galerina perplexa, Galerina pruinatipes, Gorgoniceps hypothallosa, Inocybe boreocarelica, Marasmius setosus, Psathyrella potteri, Psathyrella tenuicula, Russula adulterina, Russula pyriodora, Scutellinia trechispora, Sowerbyella imperialis and Volvariella murinella are also listed. Corrections of previous information are given on: Cortinarius angulosus (under C. duristipes), Coprinopsis patouillardii and Psathyrella potteri