Place des huiles essentielles dans le traitement des dermatoses banales

MONTPELLIER-BU Pharmacie (341722105) / SudocSudocFranceF

Citoyenneté et développement durable : pratiques familiales et scolaires chez les adolescents

International audienceDans la perspective d’une transition énergétique, les citoyens de demain ont besoin d’être formés et éduqués aux économies d’énergie. Cette recherche se centre sur le point de vue de 257 adolescent(e)s français(es) en classe de Troisième, en les interrogeant par questionnaires sur leurs pratiques énergétiques, celles-ci pouvant être influencées par les apports scolaires et l’éducation familiale. Les résultats de l’analyse quantitative montrent que les élèves semblent généralement conscients des éco-gestes à mettre en œuvre et de leurs effets, notamment grâce aux connaissances scolaires. Cependant, leurs gestes semblent influencés par les pratiques familiales et le milieu de vie sociale. Cette étude apporte un éclairage sur la prise de conscience du collégien par les choix, les décisions et les actions qu’il est amené à faire, en questionnant les enjeux d’une éducation, à la fois scolaire et familiale

Structure and properties of rf magnetron sputtered W films

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A Bioassay-Guided Fractionation of Rosemary Leaf Extract Identifies Carnosol as a Major Hypertrophy Inducer in Human Skeletal Muscle Cells

International audienceA good quality of life requires maintaining adequate skeletal muscle mass and strength, but therapeutic agents are lacking for this. We developed a bioassay-guided fractionation approach to identify molecules with hypertrophy-promoting effect in human skeletal muscle cells. We found that extracts from rosemary leaves induce muscle cell hypertrophy. By bioassay-guided purification we identified the phenolic diterpene carnosol as the compound responsible for the hypertrophypromoting activity of rosemary leaf extracts. We then evaluated the impact of carnosol on the different signaling pathways involved in the control of muscle cell size. We found that activation of the NRF2 signaling pathway by carnosol is not sufficient to mediate its hypertrophy-promoting effect. Moreover, carnosol inhibits the expression of the ubiquitin ligase E3 Muscle RING Finger protein-1 that plays an important role in muscle remodeling, but has no effect on the protein synthesis pathway controlled by the protein kinase B/mechanistic target of rapamycin pathway. By measuring the chymotrypsin-like activity of the proteasome, we found that proteasome activity was significantly decreased by carnosol and Muscle RING Finger 1 inactivation. These results strongly suggest that carnosol can induce skeletal muscle hypertrophy by repressing the ubiquitin-proteasome system-dependent protein degradation pathway through inhibition of the E3 ubiquitin ligase Muscle RING Finger protein-1

Consequences of beta‐amyloid immunotherapy for Alzheimer's disease on neurons in the human cerebral cortex

Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients in Aβ immunotherapy trials have demonstrated amyloid plaque removal but with little evidence of slowed cognitive decline. We have explored the consequences of immunotherapy on neuronal density and the morphology of neuronal processes.Methods:11 immunised AD patients (iAD) (Elan Pharmaceuticals, AN1792) were compared to 28 non‐immunised AD patients (cAD) as controls. Immunohistochemistry on sections of cortex from frontal, temporal and parietal lobes was performed for: neuron‐specific nuclear antigen (NeuN), neurofilament (NFP) and pPKR (phosphorylated pro‐apoptotic kinase detected in degenerating neurons). Status spongiosus (neuropil degeneration) was assessed in haematoxylin‐and eosin‐stained sections. We quantified NFP and pPKR labelling as load (%), the percentage area of cortex showing status spongiosus, NeuN‐positive neurons/field, curvature of the neuronal processes and interneuronal distance (m m). Data were corrected for age, gender, duration of dementia and APOE genotype.Results:Our data show in the iAD compared to the cAD cases: a significantly higher degree of spongiosus (53.3 vs 48.6, P = 0.013), fewer NeuN‐positive neurons/field (66.8 vs 73.7, P = 0.036), lower curvature of neuronal processes (1.13 vs 1.23, P < .001), a trends towards a lower pPKR load (0.08 vs 0.16, P = 0.070) and no‐significant change in mean interneuronal distance (713.6 vs 705.2, P = 0.370).Conclusions:After immunisation, there is evidence of enhanced neuronal damage in the form of exacerbated status spongiosus and a lower density of neurons. Remaining neurons seem “healthier” (less curvature of neuronal processes, less pPKR). The data raise the possibility that A β immunisation may accelerate the removal of neurons damaged by AD and are consistent with the report of increased cerebral atrophy detected with MRI

Effect of active Abeta immunotherapy on neurons in human Alzheimer's disease

Amyloid-beta peptide (Abeta) immunization of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients has been reported to induce amyloid plaque removal, but with little impact on cognitive decline. We have explored the consequences of Abeta immunotherapy on neurons in post mortem brain tissue. Eleven immunized (AN1792, Elan Pharmaceuticals) AD patients were compared to 28 non-immunized AD cases. Immunohistochemistry on sections of neocortex was performed for neuron-specific nuclear antigen (NeuN), neurofilament protein (NFP) and phosphorylated-(p)PKR (pro-apoptotic kinase detected in degenerating neurons). Quantification was performed for pPKR and status spongiosis (neuropil degeneration), NeuN-positive neurons/field, curvature of the neuronal processes and interneuronal distance. Data were corrected for age, gender, duration of dementia and APOE genotype and also assessed in relation to Ab42 and tau pathology and key features of AD. In non-immunized patients, the degree of neuritic curvature correlated with spongiosis and pPKR, and overall the neurodegenerative markers correlated better with tau pathology than Ab42 load. Following immunization, spongiosis increased, interneuronal distance increased, while the number of NeuN-positive neurons decreased, consistent with enhanced neuronal loss. However, neuritic curvature was reduced and pPKR was associated with Abeta removal in immunized patients. In AD, associations of spongiosis status, curvature ratio and pPKR load with microglial markers Iba1, CD68 and CD32 suggest a role for microglia in neurodegeneration. After immunization, correlations were detected between the number of NeuN-positive neurons and pPKR with Iba1, CD68 and CD64, suggesting that microglia are involved in the neuronal loss. Our findings suggest that in established AD this form of active Abeta immunization may predominantly accelerate loss of damaged degenerating neurons. This interpretation is consistent with in vivo imaging indicating an increased rate of cerebral atrophy in immunized AD patients. Copyright © 2014 Pathological Society of Great Britain and Ireland. Published by John Wiley & Sons, Ltd

The abietane diterpene taxodione contributes to the antioxidant activity of rosemary by-product in muscle tissue

International audienceResearch on rosemary antioxidant activity and its potential use in human health and food applications is focused on rosemary leaves and two main bioactive compounds carnosic acid and carnosol. However, many other, not-yet identified molecules could be present, especially in rosemary by-products. In this study, we first showed that rosemary stem extract was the most efficient in protecting human skeletal muscle cells against oxidation. Then, using bioassay-guided fractionation, we identified taxodione, an abietane diterpene, as the main bioactive molecule in the rosemary stem extract. We demonstrated that taxodione protects skeletal muscle cells from hydrogen peroxide-induced cytotoxic damage (by monitoring ROS production, H2AX phosphorylation and CHOP gene expression). Moreover, we showed that taxodione reduces lipid and protein oxidation in post-mortem mice and beef muscles during refrigerated storage. In conclusion, our results indicate that taxodione extracted from rosemary stems, a cheap and unused resource of natural antioxidants, limits oxidation in muscle tissue

La philosophie du XXe siècle et le défi poétique

Noesis tient à remercier le Centre transciplinaire d'épistémologie de la littérature, dirigé par Jean-Marie Seillan, et la revue Nu(e), dirigée par Béatrice Bonhomme et Hervé Bosio, sans lesquels la rencontre, organisée à l'occasion du Printemps des Poètes 2000, et donc ce numéro, n'auraient pu voir le jour