Estudio de la función endotelial mediante tomografía por emisión de positrones en pacientes con hipercolesterolemia

La hipercolesterolemia predispone al desarrollo de disfunción endotelial (DE) y la DE precipita la aterogénesis. La DE ocurre temprano en el curso de la aterogénesis y es considerada un marcador pronóstico para el desarrollo de cardiopatía isquémica. Objetivo: Evaluar la función endotelial (FE) mediante tomografía por emisión de positrones (PET) de pacientes asintomáticos con dislipidemia sin antecedente de cardiopatía isquémica ni tratamiento hipolipemiante previo. Material y métodos: Se estudiaron catorce pacientes asintomáticos con diagnóstico reciente (< 6 meses) de dislipidemia mediante un perfil lipídico, glucosa en sangre y un estudio de 13N-amonio PET en tres fases: reposo, prueba presora con frío (CPT) y estrés farmacológico con adenosina. Se evaluó su FE mediante el cálculo de la reserva de flujo coronario (RFC), índice de vasodilatación endotelio-dependiente (IVED) y porcentaje del incremento del flujo coronario en CPT (% Δ FC). Resultados: El 79% de los pacientes tuvieron disfunción endotelial (DE), y todos los valores de los pacientes con dislipidemia fueron menores a los parámetros normales previamente publicados: flujo coronario (FC) en reposo (FCR) 0.44 ± 0.12 vs 0.57 ± 0.147 (p = 0.002), FC en CPT 0.57 ± 0.17 vs 0.88 ± 0.26 (p = 0.001), FC en estrés (FCE) 1.24 ± 0.05 vs 1.81 ± 0.35 (p = 0.005), IVED 1.28 ± 0.25 vs 1.53 ± 0.24 (p 0.017), RFC 2.79 ± 0.94 vs 3.15 ± 0.48 (p 0.198) y % Δ FC 29.08 ± 24.62% vs 53 ± 24.60% (p 0.022). Conclusiones: Los pacientes asintomáticos en etapas tempranas de dislipidemia tienen mayor prevalencia de DE que puede ser identificada mediante 13N-amonio PET

NEOTROPICAL ALIEN MAMMALS: a data set of occurrence and abundance of alien mammals in the Neotropics

Biological invasion is one of the main threats to native biodiversity. For a species to become invasive, it must be voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into a nonnative habitat. Mammals were among first taxa to be introduced worldwide for game, meat, and labor, yet the number of species introduced in the Neotropics remains unknown. In this data set, we make available occurrence and abundance data on mammal species that (1) transposed a geographical barrier and (2) were voluntarily or involuntarily introduced by humans into the Neotropics. Our data set is composed of 73,738 historical and current georeferenced records on alien mammal species of which around 96% correspond to occurrence data on 77 species belonging to eight orders and 26 families. Data cover 26 continental countries in the Neotropics, ranging from Mexico and its frontier regions (southern Florida and coastal-central Florida in the southeast United States) to Argentina, Paraguay, Chile, and Uruguay, and the 13 countries of Caribbean islands. Our data set also includes neotropical species (e.g., Callithrix sp., Myocastor coypus, Nasua nasua) considered alien in particular areas of Neotropics. The most numerous species in terms of records are from Bos sp. (n = 37,782), Sus scrofa (n = 6,730), and Canis familiaris (n = 10,084); 17 species were represented by only one record (e.g., Syncerus caffer, Cervus timorensis, Cervus unicolor, Canis latrans). Primates have the highest number of species in the data set (n = 20 species), partly because of uncertainties regarding taxonomic identification of the genera Callithrix, which includes the species Callithrix aurita, Callithrix flaviceps, Callithrix geoffroyi, Callithrix jacchus, Callithrix kuhlii, Callithrix penicillata, and their hybrids. This unique data set will be a valuable source of information on invasion risk assessments, biodiversity redistribution and conservation-related research. There are no copyright restrictions. Please cite this data paper when using the data in publications. We also request that researchers and teachers inform us on how they are using the data