Selbstentwurf. Das Architektenhaus von der Renaissance bis zur Gegenwart

Der Band vereint Beiträge von Architekturhistorikern und praktizierenden Architekten zum Thema des Architektenhauses, das durch eine kritische Rezeption aktueller Ansätze aus der kunsthistorischen Selbstporträt-Forschung neu konturiert wird. In dem vom Architekten für sich selbst entworfenen Wohnhaus verdichten sich in einzigartiger Komplexität Aspekte des künstlerischen Schaffens, eines oft ostentativen Selbstbezuges und der Verortung in kulturellen und sozialen Gefügen. Die seit dem 15. Jahrhundert überlieferten Entwürfe besitzen nicht selten einen experimentellen Charakter, sie dienten ebenso als ökonomisches Instrument wie als Manifest und utopischer Ausblick. Die paradoxe Vielfalt der Interessen wird in diesem Band unter den pointierten Begrifflichkeiten der jüngeren Forschungen zum Selbstporträt neu beleuchtet, indem nach der Rolle eines derartigen ›Selbstentwurfes‹ zur Selbstvergewisserung gefragt wird

A concept for integrated investigations of karst phenomena in urban environments : merging geophysical and hydrometrical investigations with 3D hydrogeological modeling for applied urban hydrogeology within a gypsum karst area

Theories that describe karst systems are often limited to conceptual models. However, engineering projects within complex karst systems demand the development of tools that allow site-specific descriptions of the hydrogeologic settings and calibrating the processes of karst evolution. Subsidence of a river dam and an adjacent highway, both constructed on gypsum-containing rock, southeast of Basel, Switzerland, required remedial construction measures. A monitoring network was set up, to safeguard surface and subsurface water resources during the construction measures. The primary project goal was to develop tools that enable a continuous characterization of the groundwater flow regime and that facilitate the evaluation of the long-term performance of the infrastructures. Investigative methods included high-resolution 3D hydrogeological modeling, and the integration of geological, hydrometrical and hydrogeophysical field data of varying quality. Particular focus was placed on the hydraulic behavior of the complex conduit system. Results help to understand the evolution of distinct karst features and zones of preferential flow. The location of fracture zones and parts of the old meandering river course, playing a major role in the karst evolution process, could be identified. Together with the hydrometrical investigations and hydrogeological modeling, the evolution of the karst system and its dynamics can be interpreted in relation to the groundwater flow regime. Hydrogeologie des unteren Birstales, Grundwasse

GEOSSAV : a simulation tool for subsurface applications

Geostatistical Environment fOr Subsurface Simulation And Visualization (GEOSSAV) is a tool for the integration of hard and soft data into stochastic simulation and visualization of distributions of geological structures and hydrogeological properties in the subsurface. GEOSSAV, as an interface to selected geostatistical modules (bicalib, gamv, vargplt, and sisim) from the Geostatistical Software LIBrary, GSLIB (GSLIB: Geostatistical Software Library and User's Guide, 2nd Edition, Oxford University Press, Oxford, 1998, 369pp), can be used for data analysis, variogram computation of regularly or irregularly spaced data, and sequential indicator simulation of subsurface heterogeneities. Sequential indicator simulation, based on various kriging techniques (simple, ordinary, and Bayesian), is suitable for the simulation of continuous variables such as hydraulic conductivity of an aquifer or chemical concentrations at a contaminated site, and categorical variables which indicate the presence or absence of a particular lithofacies. The software integration platform and development environment of GEOSSAV is Tool command language (Tcl) with its graphical user interface, Toolkit (Tk), and a number of Tcl/Tk extensions. The standard Open Graphics Library application programming interface is used for rendering three-dimensional (3D) data distributions and for slicing perpendicular to the main coordinate axis. Export options for finite-difference groundwater models allow either files that characterize single model layers (which are saved in ASCII matrix format) or files that characterize the complete 3D flow model setup for MODFLOW-based groundwater simulation systems (which are saved in block-centered flow package files (User's documentation for MODFLOW-96, an update to the US Geological Survey modular finite-difference ground-water flow model, Geological Survey Open-File Report 96-485, Reston, VA, 1996, 56pp)). GEOSSAV can be used whenever stochastic solutions are preferred to solve site-specific heterogeneity problems, e.g., in the field of hydrology, groundwater, groundwater and/or soil contamination, site remediation, air pollution, and ecology. An example from the Rhine/Wiese aquifer near Basel demonstrates the application of GEOSSAV on geostatistical data analysis and subsurface visualization. GEOSSAV has been successfully tested on Microsoft Windows NT 4.0/2000/XP and on SuSE Linux 7.3. The current version is available at http://www.unibas.ch/ earth/pract

The thermal impact of subsurface building structures on urban groundwater resources – A paradigmatic example

Shallow subsurface thermal regimes in urban areas are increasingly impacted by anthropogenic activities, which include infrastructure development like underground traffic lines as well as industrial and residential subsurface buildings. In combination with the progressive use of shallow geothermal energy systems, this results in the so-called subsurface urban heat island effect. This article emphasizes the importance of considering the thermal impact of subsurface structures, which commonly is underestimated due to missing information and of reliable subsurface temperature data. Based on synthetic heat-transport models different settings of the urban environment were investigated, including: (1) hydraulic gradients and conductivities, which result in different groundwater flow velocities; (2) aquifer properties like groundwater thickness to aquitard and depth to water table; and (3) constructional features, such as building depths and thermal properties of building structures. Our results demonstrate that with rising groundwater flow velocities, the heat-load from building structures increase, whereas down-gradient groundwater temperatures decrease. Thermal impacts on subsurface resources therefore have to be related to the permeability of aquifers and hydraulic boundary conditions. In regard to the urban settings of Basel, Switzerland, flow velocities of around 1 m d(-1) delineate a marker where either down-gradient temperature deviations or heat-loads into the subsurface are more relevant. Furthermore, no direct thermal influence on groundwater resources should be expected for aquifers with groundwater thicknesses larger 10 m and when the distance of the building structure to the groundwater table is higher than around 10 m. We demonstrate that measuring temperature changes down-gradient of subsurface structures is insufficient overall to assess thermal impacts, particularly in urban areas. Moreover, in areas which are densely urbanized, and where groundwater flow velocities are low, appropriate measures for assessing thermal impacts should specifically include a quantification of heat-loads into the subsurface which result in a more diffuse thermal contamination of urban groundwater resources