1 V CMOS subthreshold log domain PDM

A new CMOS circuit strategy for very low-voltage Pulse-Duration Modulators (PDM) is proposed. Optimization of voltage supply scaling below the sum of threshold voltages is based on Instantaneous Log Companding processing through the MOSFET operating in weak inversion. A 1 V VLSI PDM circuit for very low-voltage audio applications such as Hearing Aids is presented, showing good agreement between simulated and experimental data.Comisión Interministerial de Ciencia y Tecnología TIC97-1159, TIC99-1084European Union 2306

On the Active Compensation of Operational Amplifier Based VCVS

A unified treatment of the active compensation for VCVS realized by operational amplifiers is presented. It is a summary of low-sensitivity circuit structures which can be either magnitude or phase compensated. The performance of such a circuits is discussed in detail. Experimental data for some of them are also included

Novel active-compensated weighted summer

A summer amplifier with extended bandwidth is proposed. Compensation of the frequency characteristics is achieved by employing two operational amplifiers instead of external reactive components

FERMENTATION OF BLACKSTRAP MOLASSES SUPPLEMENTED WITH FOUR DIFFERENT NUTRIENTS

FERMENTATION OF BLACKSTRAP MOLASSES SUPPLEMENTED WITH FOUR DIFFERENT NUTRIENT

O direito à vida e sua coexistência com direitos constitucionais: Perspectiva do tribunal constitucional

This article addresses the content of the right to life established by the Colombian Constitutional Court, as a fundamental element for the existence of human beings. Within the framework of the above, the interrelationships and jurisprudential advances that are created with other constitutional rights such as the right to freedom, work, health, vital minimum, environment, among others, are described, which is reflected in the analysis and weighting of particular cases. The article is formulated from a qualitative research, with the implementation of a descriptive method.El presente artículo aborda el contenido del derecho a la vida establecido por la Corte Constitucional colombiana, como elemento fundamental para la existencia de los seres humanos. En el marco de lo anterior, se describen las interrelaciones y los avances jurisprudenciales que se crean con otros derechos constitucionales, como el derecho a la libertad, al trabajo, a la salud, al mínimo vital, al medio ambinete, etc., lo cual se refleja en el análisis y la ponderación de casos particulares. El artículo se formula a partir de una investigación de tipo cualitativo, con la implementación de un método descriptivo.O presente artigo aborda o conteúdo do direito à vida estabelecido pela Corte Constitucional colombiana, como elemento fundamental para a existência dos seres humanos. No contexto anterior, descrevem-se as inter-relações e avanços jurisprudenciais que se criam com outros direitos constitucionais, como o direito à liberdade, ao trabalho, à saúde, ao mínimo vital, ao meio ambiente, entre outros, o que se reflete na análise e ponderação de casos particulares. O artigo é formulado a partir de uma investigação de tipo qualitativo, com a implementação de um método descritivo

La culpabilidad en materia disciplinaria desde el aspecto del dolo

Artículo de investigaciónEl derecho sancionador del Estado, está subdividido en ramas, desde las que se identifican ámbitos específicos de aplicabilidad de las normas, tal y como sucede con el derecho penal, y el derecho disciplinario, ambos parten de este gran derecho sancionador del Estado. Sobre el derecho penal, se puede escribir una amplia historia, dogmática, doctrinal, normativa y jurisprudencial, tanto en Colombia como en muchas otras jurisdicciones en el mundo, cosa que no sucede con el derecho disciplinar, que hasta en lo más reciente se erige como una rama autónoma de los tipos de derechos sancionadores del Estado, y de allí, la intención de construir su propia dogmática y doctrina. Es en este sentido que por ejemplo se ha construido la discusión del dolo, y que en lo central sugiere inquietudes sobre sí el dolo en materia disciplinaria, es especial y autónomo frente a lo establecido en la modalidad dolosa en derecho penal.23 p. Contacto: [email protected]ón. 1. Formas del ius puniendi. 2. Responsabilidad Subjetiva. 3. El dolo en las diferentes modalidades del ius puniendi: penal, disciplinario, indignidad política, contravencional y correccional. 4. Definición de Culpabilidad en Materia Disciplinaria 5. Conclusiones. 6.ReferenciasPregradoAbogad

Chaos in a Switched-Capacitor Circuit

We report chaotic phenomena observed from a simple nonlinear switched-capacitor circuit. The experimentally measured bifurcation tree diagram reveals a period-doubling route to chaos. This circuit is described by a first-order discrete equation which can be transformed into the logistic map whose chaotic dynamics is well known.National Science Foundation ECS-8542885Comisión Interministerial de Ciencia y Tecnología 0245/81Office of Naval Research under Contract NOOO14-76-C-057

Design of RC-active oscillators using composite amplifiers

The design of composite opamp Wien-Bridge oscillators is systematically approached by using a general model including amplitude control issues. Two different design criteria are presented and their main features summarized. A general composite opamp topology from which a catalog of structures can be obtained in a systematic way is presented. Experimental data are included illustrating the performance of the proposed design criteria

A new nonlinear time-domain op-amp macromodel using threshold functions and digitally controlled network elements

A general-purpose nonlinear macromodel for the time-domain simulation of integrated circuit operational amplifiers (op amps), either bipolar or MOS, is presented. Three main differences exist between the macromodel and those previously reported in the literature for the time domain. First, all the op-amp nonlinearities are simulated using threshold elements and digital components, thus making them well suited for a mixed electrical/logical simulator. Secondly, the macromodel exhibits a superior performance in those cases where the op amp is driven by a large signal. Finally, the macromodel is advantageous in terms of CPU time. Several examples are included illustrating all of these advantages. The main application of this macromodel is for the accurate simulation of the analog part of a combined analog/digital integrated circui