Revisión tecnológica del aprendizaje de idiomas asistido por ordenador: una perspectiva cronológica

El presente artículo aborda la evolución y el avance de las tecnologías del aprendizaje de lenguas asistido por ordenador (CALL por sus siglas en inglés, que corresponden a Computer- Assisted Language Learning) desde una perspectiva histórica. Esta revisión de la literatura sobre tecnologías del aprendizaje de lenguas asistido por ordenador comienza con la definición del concepto de CALL y otros términos relacionados, entre los que podemos destacar CAI, CAL, CALI, CALICO, CALT, CAT, CBT, CMC o CMI, para posteriormente analizar las primeras iniciativas de implementación del aprendizaje de lenguas asistido por ordenador en las décadas de 1950 y 1960, avanzando posteriormente a las décadas de las computadoras centrales y las microcomputadoras. En última instancia, se revisan las tecnologías emergentes en el siglo XXI, especialmente tras la irrupción de Internet, donde se presentan el impacto del e-learning, b-learning, las tecnologías de la Web 2.0, las redes sociales e incluso el aprendizaje de lenguas asistido por robots.The main focus of this paper is on the advancement of technologies in Computer-Assisted Language Learning (CALL) from a historical perspective. The review starts by defining CALL and its related terminology, highlighting the first CALL attempts in 1950s and 1960s, and then moving to other decades of mainframes and microcomputers. At the final step, emerging technologies in 21st century will be reviewed

Revisiting the Hubble sequence in the SDSS DR7 spectroscopic sample: a publicly available bayesian automated classification

We present an automated morphological classification in 4 types (E,S0,Sab,Scd) of ~700.000 galaxies from the SDSS DR7 spectroscopic sample based on support vector machines. The main new property of the classification is that we associate to each galaxy a probability of being in the four morphological classes instead of assigning a single class. The classification is therefore better adapted to nature where we expect a continuos transition between different morphological types. The algorithm is trained with a visual classification and then compared to several independent visual classifications including the Galaxy Zoo first release catalog. We find a very good correlation between the automated classification and classical visual ones. The compiled catalog is intended for use in different applications and can be downloaded at http://gepicom04.obspm.fr/sdss_morphology/Morphology_2010.html and soon from the CasJobs database.Comment: A&A in press, english corrections from language editor adde

Naturaleza y contenido esencial de la propuesta de “Ley reguladora de la actividad de la Administración y su control por los tribunales”

Olivo A. Rodríguez Huertas. Abogado dominicano, nacido en Higüey, La Altagracia. Es egresado de la Universidad Eugenio María de Hostos. Realizó un posgrado en fiscalidad internacional y una maestría en derecho de la contratación pública en la Universidad Castilla-La Mancha (Toledo), así como posgrados en derecho público y en derecho administrativo en las universidades San Pablo-CEU (Madrid) y de Salamanca, respectivamente. Ha desarrollado una amplio ejercicio profesional que lo ha llevado a desempeñarse, entre otros cargos, como asesor externo de la Procuraduría General de la República, miembro suplente de la Junta Electoral del Distrito Nacional, miembro de la Junta Directiva del Consejo Nacional de Drogas, consultor nacional del Programa de Apoyo a la Reforma y Modernización del Estado (PARME, auspiciado por la Unión Europea), contratista de la Agencia Internacional para el Desarrollo del gobierno de los Estados Unidos, presidente del Instituto Jurídico de la Unión Interamericana para la Vivienda (órgano asesor del Consejo Económico y Social de la Organización de las Naciones Unidas) y como miembro y coordinador general adjunto del grupo de expertos del Mecanismo de Evaluación Multilateral de la Comisión Interamericana para el Control del Abuso de Drogas de la OEA. Como catedrático universitario, ha sido profesor de Derecho Administrativo de la Universidad Iberoamericana (UNIBE) y de la Pontificia Universidad Católica Madre y Maestra (PUCMM), así como en el programa de máster en derecho de la administración del Estado coordinado por la Universidad de Salamanca y el Instituto Global de Altos Estudios en Ciencias Sociales de República Dominicana. Es coautor de las publicaciones Aspectos dogmáticos, procesales del lavado de activos, Documentos internacionales sobre lavado de activos, y Manual teórico práctico de libre acceso a la información pública. Recientemente fue designado embajador de la República Dominicana en España.Este es un artículo en el que se presenta una propuesta para regular, normar y controlar la actividad de la Administración en la República Dominicana. La iniciativa, que fuera resultado de las prioridades del Programa de Apoyo a la Reforma y Modernización del Estado (PARME) auspiciado por la Unión Europea, partía de la constatación de que en el Estado dominicano no existía para la fecha una normativa que sistematizara y reuniera los principios de la actividad de la Administración y de sus respectivos procesos (administrativo y contencioso-administrativo), los cuales se encontraban dispersos en diferentes instancias de la legislación nacional. Con dicho proyecto se pretendía articular un sistema claro y preciso de control administrativo y jurisdiccional que protegiera “eficazmente los derechos fundamentales de las personas” frente al poder estatal

Determining Seasonal Natural Effects over Isotopic Baselines for CO2 Storage Monitoring

AbstractDissolved carbon stable isotopes in surface waters can be utilized as a monitoring tool of CO2 geological storage and as a good indicator of potential CO2 leakages, since each source of carbon has a specific isotopic signature. The isotopic carbon baseline value and its range will determine whether the situation responds to a leak or a natural modification as part of the system's annual cycle and its seasonal effects. We measured water temperature, pH, dissolved inorganic carbon (DIC) concentration and other geochemical variables, during the different annual stages, in order to characterize the contribution of different sources of carbon to the natural isotopic evolution of DIC in the area of Hontomin. This area is the selected site for the Spanish research facility for CO2 geological storage operated by CIUDEN. The average value for δ13C-DIC at the study site is -10.7 ‰ (V-PDB), which is very different of the CO2 generated during the oxycombustion process (about -28 ‰ vs V-PDB). After statistical analysis of the sampling efforts, we observed light differences on their average isotopic values which imply certain seasonal effects, although we could not find effects over the DIC concentration

The bivariate gas-stellar mass distributions and the mass functions of early- and late-type galaxies at z∼0z\sim0

We report the bivariate HI- and H$_2$-stellar mass distributions of local galaxies in addition of an inventory of galaxy mass functions, MFs, for HI, H$_2$, cold gas, and baryonic mass, separately into early- and late-type galaxies. The MFs are determined using the HI and H$_2$ conditional distributions and the galaxy stellar mass function, GSMF. For the conditional distributions we use the compilation presented in Calette et al. 2018. For determining the GSMF from $M_{\ast}\sim3\times10^{7}$ to $3\times10^{12}$ $M_{\odot}$, we combine two spectroscopic samples from the SDSS at the redshift range $0.0033<z<0.2$. We find that the low-mass end slope of the GSMF, after correcting from surface brightness incompleteness, is $\alpha\approx-1.4$, consistent with previous determinations. The obtained HI MFs agree with radio blind surveys. Similarly, the H$_2$ MFs are consistent with CO follow-up optically-selected samples. We estimate the impact of systematics due to mass-to-light ratios and find that our MFs are robust against systematic errors. We deconvolve our MFs from random errors to obtain the intrinsic MFs. Using the MFs, we calculate cosmic density parameters of all the baryonic components. Baryons locked inside galaxies represent 5.4% of the universal baryon content, while $\sim96$% of the HI and H$_2$ mass inside galaxies reside in late-type morphologies. Our results imply cosmic depletion times of H$_2$ and total neutral H in late-type galaxies of $\sim 1.3$ and 7.2 Gyr, respectively, which shows that late type galaxies are on average inefficient in converting H$_2$ into stars and in transforming HI gas into H$_2$. Our results provide a fully self-consistent empirical description of galaxy demographics in terms of the bivariate gas--stellar mass distribution and their projections, the MFs. This description is ideal to compare and/or to constrain galaxy formation models.Comment: 37 pages, 17 figures. Accepted for publication in PASA. A code that displays tables and figures with all the relevant statistical distributions and correlations discussed in this paper is available here https://github.com/arcalette/Python-code-to-generate-Rodriguez-Puebla-2020-result

Comparing PyMorph and SDSS photometry. II. The differences are more than semantics and are not dominated by intracluster light

The Sloan Digital Sky Survey pipeline photometry underestimates the brightnesses of the most luminous galaxies. This is mainly because (i) the SDSS overestimates the sky background and (ii) single or two-component Sersic-based models better fit the surface brightness profile of galaxies, especially at high luminosities, than does the de Vaucouleurs model used by the SDSS pipeline. We use the PyMorph photometric reductions to isolate effect (ii) and show that it is the same in the full sample as in small group environments, and for satellites in the most massive clusters as well. None of these are expected to be significantly affected by intracluster light (ICL). We only see an additional effect for centrals in the most massive halos, but we argue that even this is not dominated by ICL. Hence, for the vast majority of galaxies, the differences between PyMorph and SDSS pipeline photometry cannot be ascribed to the semantics of whether or not one includes the ICL when describing the stellar mass of massive galaxies. Rather, they likely reflect differences in star formation or assembly histories. Failure to account for the SDSS underestimate has significantly biased most previous estimates of the SDSS luminosity and stellar mass functions, and therefore Halo Model estimates of the z ~ 0.1 relation between the mass of a halo and that of the galaxy at its center. We also show that when one studies correlations, at fixed group mass, with a quantity which was not used to define the groups, then selection effects appear. We show why such effects arise, and should not be mistaken for physical effects.Comment: 15 pages, 17 figures, accepted for publication in MNRAS. The PyMorph luminosities and stellar masses are available at https://www.physics.upenn.edu/~ameert/SDSS_PhotDec