Aerobic intestinal flora of wild-caught African dwarf crocodiles Osteolaemus tetraspis

Intestinal contents were collected from wild-caught African dwarf crocodiles (Osteolaemus tetraspis) in 1993 and 1995 which were slaughtered at urban markets in the Congo Republic. The samples were kept frozen and brought back to Onderstepoort for aerobic culture. Out of 29 specimens, 33 species of bacteria and 20 species of fungi were isolated. The bacteria included three isolates of Salmonella and eight isolates of Escherichia coli, most of the latter being rough strains. The flora of individual specimens contained 1-5 bacterial and 0-5 fungal species. Neither Aeromonas hydrophila nor Edwardsiella tarda were isolated from any of the samples.The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 600dpi. Adobe Acrobat v.9 was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format.mn201

Furunculosis in rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) raised in sea water

Ulcerative skin lesions were encountered in rainbow trout raised in sea water by a commercial concern in the Western Cape, South Africa. Grossly, the lesions resembled furunculosis but, histopathologically, they differed from typical furunculosis in that bacterial colonies were rarely found in the organs, and also the kidneys and spleens were minimally involved. The causative organism was identified as an achromogenic Aeromonas salmonicida that shared characteristics with all 3 subspecies, salmonicida, masoucida and achromogenes. This is the first report of an outbreak of this disease in South Africa.The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 600dpi. Adobe Acrobat XI Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format.am201

Broiler pulmonary hypertension syndrome. II. The direct measurement of right ventricular and pulmonary artery pressures in the closed chest domestic fowl

A technique for the catheterisation of the right ventricle and pulmonary artery of the domestic fowl is described. Mean peak systolic, minimum diastolic and mean pressures measured in the right ventricle and pulmonary artery of a group of clinically normal broilers housed at a medium altitude of 1 300 m were 24,3; 8,1; 17,8; 25,0; 22,1 and 22,3 mm Hg respectively. The pulmonary artery pressures are different from those reported elsewhere using the open chest technique. These differences are possibly due to both the effect of opening the thoracic cavity and the hypoxic pressor effect at this altitude.The articles have been scanned in colour with a HP Scanjet 5590; 600dpi. Adobe Acrobat XI Pro was used to OCR the text and also for the merging and conversion to the final presentation PDF-format.lmchunu2014mn201

Reintegrating informal settlements into the Greater Cairo Region of Egypt through the regional highway network

This study analyses informal settlements and the regional highway network in the Greater Cairo Region of Egypt to propose alternatives to reduce regional spatial fragmentation that may lead to spatial segregation. Findings indicate that the street structure of informal settlements provides a configuration that supports social interaction for their residents. While the regional highway network can act to physically disconnect the wider region by isolating or splitting neighbourhoods, some highways can act as an integrator. Analysis at the urban scale can identify points in the settlements’ street networks where they can be connected to the regional transport network, which could have an impact on regional consolidation

The Role of Aquaculture and Capture Fisheries in Meeting Food and Nutrition Security: Testing a Nutrition-Sensitive Pond Polyculture Intervention in Rural Zambia

This study tested the efficacy of a pond polyculture intervention with farming households in northern Zambia. Longitudinal data on fish consumption and the associated nutrient intake of households (N = 57) were collected over a six-month period (September 2019–March 2020). One group of people tested the intervention while another group that practiced monoculture tilapia farming, and a third group that did not practice aquaculture, acted as control groups. A similar quantity of fish was consumed on average; however, the associated nutrient intake differed, based on the quantity and type of species consumed, particularly for those who had access to pelagic small fish from capture fisheries. There was a decrease in fish consumption from December onward due to fisheries management restrictions. The ponds provided access to micronutrient-rich fish during this time. Pond polyculture can act as a complementary source of fish to capture fisheries that are subjected to seasonal controls, as well as to households that farm tilapia. Assessments of how aquatic foods can improve food and nutrition security often separate aquaculture and capture fisheries, failing to account for people who consume fish from diverse sources simultaneously. A nutrition-sensitive approach thus places food and nutrition security, and consumers, at the center of the analysis

Common Avian Infection Plagued the Tyrant Dinosaurs

Background: Tyrannosaurus rex and other tyrannosaurid fossils often display multiple, smooth-edged full-thickness erosive lesions on the mandible, either unilaterally or bilaterally. The cause of these lesions in the Tyrannosaurus rex specimen FMNH PR2081 (known informally by the name 'Sue') has previously been attributed to actinomycosis, a bacterial bone infection, or bite wounds from other tyrannosaurids