La structure du vocabulaire du général de Gaulle

Description of the vocabulary structure of a corpus. The links between words are calculated using the hypergeometric law to compare the number of their co-occurences with their whole frequencies in the corpus. This calculus has been applied to the televised speeches and press conferences by General de Gaulle between 1958 and 1969.Description de la structure du vocabulaire d'un corpus. Les liens entre les mots (force et direction) sont calculés grâce à la loi hypergéométrique qui permet de comparer le nombre de leurs co-occurrences avec leur fréquence totale dans le corpus. Ce calcul a été appliqué au discours radiotélévisés et aux conférences de presse du général de Gaulle entre 1958 et 1969

Segmentation automatique des corpus. Voyages de l'autre côté de J.-M. Le Clézio

We present an original segmentation method applied to textual data series. The vocabulary growth and variations of its diversity are calculated. Then a segmentation algorithm, associated with a validity test, gives the optimal successive stages. This method is applied to a novel by Jean-Marie Le Clezio : Voyages de l'autre côté.Méthode originale pour segmenter un corpus en sous-parties homogènes. On calcule l'accroissement du vocabulaire et les variations de sa diversité. Un algorithme de segmentation associé à un test de validité donne le découpage optimal des deux séries. Application à un roman de Jean-Marie Le Clezio : Voyages de l'autre côté

The Planetary Accretion Shock. I. Framework for Radiation-hydrodynamical Simulations and First Results

The key aspect determining the postformation luminosity of gas giants has long been considered to be the energetics of the accretion shock at the surface of the planet. We use one-dimensional radiation-hydrodynamical simulations to study the radiative loss efficiency and to obtain postshock temperatures and pressures and thus entropies. The efficiency is defined as the fraction of the total incoming energy flux that escapes the system (roughly the Hill sphere), taking into account the energy recycling that occurs ahead of the shock in a radiative precursor. We focus in this paper on a constant equation of state (EOS) to isolate the shock physics but use constant and tabulated opacities. While robust quantitative results will have to await a self-consistent treatment including hydrogen dissociation and ionization, the results presented here show the correct qualitative behavior and can be understood from semianalytical calculations. The shock is found to be isothermal and supercritical for a range of conditions relevant to the core accretion formation scenario (CA), with Mach numbers ${ \mathcal M }\gtrsim 3$. Across the shock, the entropy decreases significantly by a few times kB/baryon. While nearly 100% of the incoming kinetic energy is converted to radiation locally, the efficiencies are found to be as low as roughly 40%, implying that a significant fraction of the total accretion energy is brought into the planet. However, for realistic parameter combinations in the CA scenario, we find that a nonzero fraction of the luminosity always escapes the Hill sphere. This luminosity could explain, at least in part, recent observations in the young LkCa 15 and HD 100546 systems