7,783 research outputs found
Scaling Relation for Excitation Energy Under Hyperbolic Deformation
We introduce a one-parameter deformation for one-dimensional (1D) quantum
lattice models, the hyperbolic deformation, where the scale of the local energy
is proportional to cosh lambda j at the j-th site. Corresponding to a 2D
classical system, the deformation does not strongly modify the ground state. In
this situation, the effective Hamiltonian of the quantum system shows that the
quasi particle is weakly bounded around the center of the system. By analyzing
this binding effect, we derive scaling relations for the mean-square width
of confinement, the energy correction with respect to the excitation gap
\Delta, and the deformation parameter . This finite-size scaling
allows us to investigate excitation gap of 1D non-deformed bulk quantum
systems.Comment: 9 pages, 5 figure
Using Raman Spectroscopy for Intraoperative Margin Analysis in Breast Conserving Surgery
Breast Conserving Surgery (BCS) in the treatment of breast cancer aims to provide optimal oncological results, with minimal tissue excision to optimise cosmetic outcome. Positive margins due to an inadequate resection occurs in 17% of UK patients undergoing BCS and prompts recommendation for further tissue re-excision to reduce recurrence risk. A second operation causes patient anxiety and significant healthcare costs. This issue could be resolved with accurate intra-operative margin analysis (IMA) to enable excision of all cancerous tissue at the index procedure. High wavenumber Raman Spectroscopy (HWN RS) is a vibrational spectroscopy highly sensitive to changes in protein/lipid environment and water content –biochemical differences found between tumour and normal breast tissue. We proposed that HWN RS could be used to differentiate between tumour and non-tumour breast tissue with a view to future IMA. This thesis presents the development of a Raman system to measure the HWN region capable of accurately detecting changes in protein, lipid and water content, in the presence of highly fluorescent surgical pigments such as blue dye that are present in surgically excised specimens. We investigate the relationship between changes in the HWN spectra with changes in water content in constructed breast phantoms to mimic protein and lipid rich environments and biological tissue. Human breast tissue of paired tumour and non-tumour samples were then measured and analysed. We found that breast tumour tissue is a protein rich, high water, low fat environment and that non-tumour is a low protein, fat rich environment with a low water content, and this can be used to identify breast cancer using HWN RS with excellent accuracy of over 90%. This thesis demonstrates a HWN RS Raman system capable of differentiating between tumour and non-tumour tissue in human breast tissue, and this has the potential to provide IMA in BCS
Discovering Constructivism: How A Project-Oriented Activity-Based Media Production Course Effectively Employed Constructivist Teaching Principles
The author uses his experience leading a project-oriented special-topics course as a case study in constructivist teaching methods. Citing relevant literature from the education field, this paper considers why students chosen to work for course credit on a promotional video for a university program considered the project their greatest academic learning experience. The author points out that communication media education has long championed activity and project-based learning and argues that educators could benefit from a deeper understanding of how and why such methods are effective
Low-energy excitations of the one-dimensional half-filled SU(4) Hubbard model with an attractive on-site interaction: Density-matrix renormalization-group calculations and perturbation theory
We investigate low-energy excitations of the one-dimensional half-filled
SU(4) Hubbard model with an attractive on-site interaction U < 0 using the
density matrix renormalization group method as well as a perturbation theory.
We find that the ground state is a charge density wave state with a long range
order. The ground state is completely incompressible since all the excitations
are gapful. The charge gap which is the same as the four-particle excitation
gap is a non-monotonic function of U, while the spin gap and others increase
with increasing |U| and have linear asymptotic behaviors.Comment: 4 pages, 3 figures, submitte
Many-body approach to the nonlinear interaction of charged particles with an interacting free electron gas
We report various many-body theoretical approaches to the nonlinear decay
rate and energy loss of charged particles moving in an interacting free
electron gas. These include perturbative formulations of the scattering matrix,
the self-energy, and the induced electron density. Explicit expressions for
these quantities are obtained, with inclusion of exchange and correlation
effects.Comment: 11 pages, 5 figures. To appear in Journal of Physics
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