Air-Stable NaxTMO2 Cathodes for Sodium Storage

Sodium-ion batteries are considered to be the most promising alternative to lithium-ion batteries for large-scale stationary energy storage applications due to the abundant sodium resource in the Earth' crust and as a result, relatively low cost. Sodium layered transition metal oxides (NaxTMO2) are proper Na-ion cathode materials because of low cost and high theoretical capacity. Currently most researchers focus on the improvement of electrochemical performance such as high rate capability and long cycling stability. However, for NaxTMO2, the structure stability against humid atmosphere is essentially important since most of them are instable in air, which is not favorable for practical application. Here we provide a comprehensive review of recent progresses on air-stable NaxTMO2 oxides. Several effective strategies are discussed, and further investigations on the air-stable cathodes are prospected

The Law Analysis of the Weihe River Basin (Shaanxi Section) Precipitation

Abstract: Based on 1956-2010 of precipitation of Weihe river basin in shanxi section, this paper statistical analysis the precipitation characteristics, the cycle, the abrupt, the trend and sustainable. The results show that the average of many years is 606.63 mm, the maximum is 931.86 in 2003, the minimum is 368.56 in 1995; the precipitation is more in 20 century 50, 60 and 80s, less in 70, 90s and the 2000s and the average of precipitation is close to average of many years in 70s and 2000s; The rainfall process has the remarkable periodic, the first main cycle for 18 years, the second cycle for 7 years, the third for three years; The average rainfall not happened obviously mutations; and the precipitation is not significant decrease trend; Hurst index greater than 0.5, which suggests that past trends of precipitation will be continue in the future, namely in the future precipitation is not significant digressive tendency. The conclusions have the important reference value to weigh river water resources development

Thermal-assisted Anisotropy and Thermal-driven Instability in the Superfluidity state of Two-Species Polar Fermi Gas

We study the superfluid state of two-species heteronuclear Fermi gases with isotropic contact and anisotropic long-range dipolar interactions. By explicitly taking account of Fock exchange contribution, we derive self-consistent equations describing the pairing states in the system. Exploiting the symmetry of the system, we developed an efficient way of solving the self-consistent equations by exploiting the symmetries. We find that the temperature tends to increase the anisotropy of the pairing state, which is rather counterintuitive. We study the anisotropic properties of the system by examining the angular dependence of the number density distribution, the excitation spectrum and the pair correlation function. The competing effects of the contact interaction and the dipolar interaction upon the anisotropy are revealed. We derive and compute the superfluid mass density $\rho_{ij}$ for the system. Astonishingly, we find that $\rho_{zz}$ becomes negative above some certain temperature $T^*$($T<T_c$), signaling some instability of the system. This suggests that the elusive FFLO state may be observed in experiments, due to an anisotropic state with a spontaneously generated superflow.Comment: 7 pages, 5 figure

Circulating Monocytes Act as a Common Trigger for the Calcification Paradox of Osteoporosis and Carotid Atherosclerosis via TGFB1-SP1 and TNFSF10-NFKB1 Axis

BackgroundOsteoporosis often occurs with carotid atherosclerosis and causes contradictory calcification across tissue in the same patient, which is called the “calcification paradox”. Circulating monocytes may be responsible for this unbalanced ectopic calcification. Here, we aimed to show how CD14+ monocytes contribute to the pathophysiology of coexisting postmenopausal osteoporosis and carotid atherosclerosis.MethodsWe comprehensively analyzed osteoporosis data from the mRNA array dataset GSE56814 and the scRNA-seq dataset GSM4423510. Carotid atherosclerosis data were obtained from the GSE23746 mRNA dataset and GSM4705591 scRNA-seq dataset. First, osteoblast and vascular SMC lineages were annotated based on their functional expression using gene set enrichment analysis and AUCell scoring. Next, pseudotime analysis was applied to draw their differentiated trajectory and identify the key gene expression changes in crossroads. Then, ligand–receptor interactions between CD14+ monocytes and osteoblast and vascular smooth muscle cell (SMC) lineages were annotated with iTALK. Finally, we selected calcification paradox-related expression in circulating monocytes with LASSO analysis.ResultsFirst, we found a large proportion of delayed premature osteoblasts in osteoporosis and osteogenic SMCs in atherosclerosis. Second, CD14+ monocytes interacted with the intermediate cells of the premature osteoblast and osteogenic SMC lineage by delivering TGFB1 and TNFSF10. This interaction served as a trigger activating the transcription factors (TF) SP1 and NFKB1 to upregulate the inflammatory response and cell senescence and led to a retarded premature state in the osteoblast lineage and osteogenic transition in the SMC lineage. Then, 76.49% of common monocyte markers were upregulated in the circulating monocytes between the two diseases, which were related to chemotaxis and inflammatory responses. Finally, we identified 7 calcification paradox-related genes on circulating monocytes, which were upregulated in aging cells and downregulated in DNA repair cells, indicating that the aging monocytes contributed to the development of the two diseases.ConclusionsOur work provides a perspective for understanding the triggering roles of CD14+ monocytes in the development of the calcification paradox in osteoporosis- and atherosclerosis-related cells based on combined scRNA and mRNA data. This study provided us with an elucidation of the mechanisms underlying the calcification paradox and could help in developing preventive and therapeutic strategies

Market efficiency for two classes of stocks in China: state owned and private companies

The fast-growing economy in China attracts the world’s interests, which includes the Chinese stock markets. The market efficiency of Chinese stock markets is widely discussed by researchers in different approaches. The involvement of government in stock markets is a unique case in the financial world.   By this paper, we are answering the question that is the degree of market efficiency of stat-owned companies different from that of private companies in Chinese stock markets. This will bring us knowledge about Chinese stock markets as well as the impact from ownership, market value and management styles on market efficiency.   To clarify the influence from government involvement in stock markets, we select 938 stocks distinguished by ownership structure. This quantitative study is preceded on daily data from 2007 to 2011. We use auto correlation, Chi-square test, and linear regression together with Spearman’s correlation to test our hypothesis. The degree of market efficiency of each ownership group is examined and compared to each other. Market efficiency related to ownership and market capitalization are inspected if they are anomaly factors in Chinese markets.   The empirical results indicate that the degree of market efficiency of state-owned companies is significantly different from the degree of market efficiency of private-owned companies in China. The market capitalization is one of the existing anomaly factors in Chinese stock markets, as well as it is correlated with degree of market efficiency to some extent. For state-owned enterprises, active management on stock market does not provide a better market efficiency compared to passively managed companies

Market efficiency for two classes of stocks in China: state owned and private companies

The fast-growing economy in China attracts the world’s interests, which includes the Chinese stock markets. The market efficiency of Chinese stock markets is widely discussed by researchers in different approaches. The involvement of government in stock markets is a unique case in the financial world.   By this paper, we are answering the question that is the degree of market efficiency of stat-owned companies different from that of private companies in Chinese stock markets. This will bring us knowledge about Chinese stock markets as well as the impact from ownership, market value and management styles on market efficiency.   To clarify the influence from government involvement in stock markets, we select 938 stocks distinguished by ownership structure. This quantitative study is preceded on daily data from 2007 to 2011. We use auto correlation, Chi-square test, and linear regression together with Spearman’s correlation to test our hypothesis. The degree of market efficiency of each ownership group is examined and compared to each other. Market efficiency related to ownership and market capitalization are inspected if they are anomaly factors in Chinese markets.   The empirical results indicate that the degree of market efficiency of state-owned companies is significantly different from the degree of market efficiency of private-owned companies in China. The market capitalization is one of the existing anomaly factors in Chinese stock markets, as well as it is correlated with degree of market efficiency to some extent. For state-owned enterprises, active management on stock market does not provide a better market efficiency compared to passively managed companies

Cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus mushroom on substrates made of cellulose fibre rejects: product quality and spent substrate fuel properties

This paper explores an alternative valorisation method for high-moisture content waste streams from the pulp and paper industry. Cellulose fibre rejects from industrial-scale recycling/pulping of waste paper was used as an ingredient in substrates for cultivation of Pleurotus ostreatus, commonly known as oyster mushroom. Three substrates with 40, 60, and 80 wt% fibre rejects were tested, and a conventional substrate formula based on birch (Betula ssp.) sawdust was used for comparison. The spent mushroom substrate (SMS) fuel characteristics were assessed through ashing procedures. Mycelium growth was faster on substrates based on fibre rejects. The average biological efficiencies of the first flush of fruit bodies were between 29 and 36% compared to 42% for birch sawdust substrates. The fruit bodies had good nutritional values, i.e., crude protein (22-25 wt% d.b.), crude fat (3-3.5 wt% d.b.), crude fibre (8-10 wt% d.b.), and carbohydrates (57-62 wt% d.b.). The concentrations of heavy metals, 5-10 mu g/kg Pb, 19-28 mu g/kg Cd, 5-6 mu g/kg Hg, and 26-53 mu g/kg As were well below the limit values for food products set in EU regulations. The SMS could be used as fuel for direct combustion or co-combusted with other biomasses

Design of a new type of intelligent lamp charging cabinet

In view of problems of multi-type of battery cell of miner's lamp and multi-method of charging, an intelligent charging cabinet compatible with variety of miner's lamp was designed. The intelligent charging cabinet can accurately control charging voltage and current of manganese lithium batteries, lithium iron phosphate batteries, nickel metal hydride batteries and lead-acid battery, it also achieves functions of detection and display of the charging status, lamp in position, battery fault, and rapid identification and maintenance of health status of battery