Galaxy Clusters Selected via the Sunyaev–Zel'dovich Effect in the SPTpol 100-square-degree Survey

We present a catalog of galaxy cluster candidates detected in 100 square degrees surveyed with the SPTpol receiver on the South Pole Telescope. The catalog contains 89 candidates detected with a signal-to-noise ratio greater than 4.6. The candidates are selected using the Sunyaev–Zel'dovich effect at 95 and 150 GHz. Using both space- and ground-based optical and infrared telescopes, we have confirmed 81 candidates as galaxy clusters. We use these follow-up images and archival images to estimate photometric redshifts for 66 galaxy clusters and spectroscopic observations to obtain redshifts for 13 systems. An additional two galaxy clusters are confirmed using the overdensity of near-infrared galaxies only and are presented without redshifts. We find that 15 candidates (18% of the total sample) are at redshift z ≥ 1.0, with a maximum confirmed redshift of z_(max) = 1.38±0.10. We expect this catalog to contain every galaxy cluster with M_(500c) > 2.6×10¹⁴M⊙h⁻¹₇₀ and z > 0.25 in the survey area. The mass threshold is approximately constant above z = 0.25, and the complete catalog has a median mass of approximately M_(500c) > 2.7×10¹⁴M⊙h⁻¹₇₀. Compared to previous SPT works, the increased depth of the millimeter-wave data (11.2 and 6.5 μK-arcmin at 95 and 150 GHz, respectively) makes it possible to find more galaxy clusters at high redshift and lower mass

Relativistic BCS-BEC Crossover at Zero Temperature

We investigate the BCS-BEC crossover at zero temperature in the frame of a relativistic model. The universality of the BCS-BEC crossover for non-relativistic systems breaks down in relativistic case and the crossover can be induced by changing the density. When the effective scattering length is much less than the fermion Compton wavelength, we recover the non-relativistic result if the gas is initially in non-relativistic state. At ultra-strong coupling where the scattering length is of the order of the Compton wavelength, a new BEC state appears. In this state the condensed bosons become nearly massless and anti-fermions are excited. The behavior of the Goldstone mode and the mixing between the amplitude and phase modes are significantly different in different condensed regions.Comment: 8 pages, 3 figures. V2: typos corrected, a comment on mean field theory adde

Studies related to ocean dynamics. Task 3.2: Aircraft Field Test Program to investigate the ability of remote sensing methods to measure current/wind-wave interactions

The feasibility of remote sensing of current flows in the ocean and the remote sensing of ocean currents by backscattering cross section techniques was studied. It was established that for capillary waves, small scale currents could be accurately measured through observation of wave kinematics. Drastic modifications of waves by changing currents were noted. The development of new methods for the measurement of capillary waves are discussed. Improvement methods to resolve data processing problems are suggested

Analysis and interpretation of high transverse entanglement in optical parametric down conversion

Quantum entanglement associated with transverse wave vectors of down conversion photons is investigated based on the Schmidt decomposition method. We show that transverse entanglement involves two variables: orbital angular momentum and transverse frequency. We show that in the monochromatic limit high values of entanglement are closely controlled by a single parameter resulting from the competition between (transverse) momentum conservation and longitudinal phase matching. We examine the features of the Schmidt eigenmodes, and indicate how entanglement can be enhanced by suitable mode selection methods.Comment: 4 pages, 4 figure

Charged and Neutral Currents in a 3-3-1 Model with Right-Handed Neutrinos

The charged and the neutral currents are obtained by using a formal algebraical approach (developed and applied by the author) within the exact solution of a 3-3-1 gauge model with right-handed neutrinos. The entire Standard Model phenomenology is recovered without imposing any supplemental condition, but only by choosing an adecquate set of parameters from the very beginning of the calculus. A new and rich phenomenology regarding the particles and their currents occurs as well. The appealing feature of our results resides in the exact expressions of the currents which need not the adjustment usually due to the small mixing angle $\phi$ between neutral bosons $Z$ and $Z^{\prime}$ (like in the most of the papers in the literature treating the same issue). The required mixing was considered and aleready performed as an intermediate step by the solving method itself, since the physical eigenstates of those bosons were determined and then identified in the neutral currents.Comment: 14 pages, 1 Table, no figure

A quantitative assessment of empirical magnetic field models at geosynchronous orbit during magnetic storms

[1] We evaluate the performance of recent empirical magnetic field models (Tsyganenko, 1996, 2002a, 2002b; Tsyganenko and Sitnov, 2005, hereafter referred to as T96, T02 and TS05, respectively) during magnetic storm times including both pre- and post-storm intervals. The model outputs are compared with GOES observations of the magnetic field at geosynchronous orbit. In the case of a major magnetic storm, the T96 and T02 models predict anomalously strong negative Bz at geostationary orbit on the nightside due to input values exceeding the model limits, whereas a comprehensive magnetic field data survey using GOES does not support that prediction. On the basis of additional comparisons using 52 storm events, we discuss the strengths and limitations of each model. Furthermore, we quantify the performance of individual models at predicting geostationary magnetic fields as a function of local time, Dst, and storm phase. Compared to the earlier models (T96 and T02), the most recent storm-time model (TS05) has the best overall performance across the entire range of local times, storm levels, and storm phases at geostationary orbit. The field residuals between TS05 and GOES are small (≤3 nT) compared to the intrinsic short time-scale magnetic variability of the geostationary environment even during non-storm conditions (∼24 nT). Finally, we demonstrate how field model errors may affect radiation belt studies when estimating electron phase space density

Neutrino Breakup of A=3 Nuclei in Supernovae

We extend the virial equation of state to include 3H and 3He nuclei, and predict significant mass-three fractions near the neutrinosphere in supernovae. While alpha particles are often more abundant, we demonstrate that energy transfer cross-sections for muon and tau neutrinos at low densities are dominated by breakup of the loosely-bound 3H and 3He nuclei. The virial coefficients involving A=3 nuclei are calculated directly from the corresponding nucleon-3H and nucleon-3He scattering phase shifts. For the neutral-current inelastic cross-sections and the energy transfer cross sections, we perform ab-initio calculations based on microscopic two- and three-nucleon interactions and meson-exchange currents.Comment: 6 pages, 2 figures, minor additions, to appear in Phys. Rev.

A Study of Anyon Statistics by Breit Hamiltonian Formalism

We study the anyon statistics of a $2 + 1$ dimensional Maxwell-Chern-Simons (MCS) gauge theory by using a systemmetic metheod, the Breit Hamiltonian formalism.Comment: 25 pages, LATE

Baryon Self-Energy With QQQ Bethe-Salpeter Dynamics In The Non-Perturbative QCD Regime: n-p Mass Difference

A qqq BSE formalism based on DB{\chi}S of an input 4-fermion Lagrangian of `current' u,d quarks interacting pairwise via gluon-exchange-propagator in its {\it non-perturbative} regime, is employed for the calculation of baryon self-energy via quark-loop integrals. To that end the baryon-qqq vertex function is derived under Covariant Instantaneity Ansatz (CIA), using Green's function techniques. This is a 3-body extension of an earlier q{\bar q} (2-body) result on the exact 3D-4D interconnection for the respective BS wave functions under 3D kernel support, precalibrated to both q{\bar q} and qqq spectra plus other observables. The quark loop integrals for the neutron (n) - proton (p) mass difference receive contributions from : i) the strong SU(2) effect arising from the d-u mass difference (4 MeV); ii) the e.m. effect of the respective quark charges. The resultant n-p difference comes dominantly from d-u effect (+1.71 Mev), which is mildly offset by e.m.effect (-0.44), subject to gauge corrections. To that end, a general method for QED gauge corrections to an arbitrary momentum dependent vertex function is outlined, and on on a proportionate basis from the (two-body) kaon case, the net n-p difference works out at just above 1 MeV. A critical comparison is given with QCD sum rules results.Comment: be 27 pages, Latex file, and to be published in IJMPA, Vol 1

Weak Gravity Conjecture for Noncommutative Field Theory

We investigate the weak gravity bounds on the U(1) gauge theory and scalar field theories in various dimensional noncommutative space. Many results are obtained, such as the upper bound on the noncommutative scale $g_{YM}M_p$ for four dimensional noncommutative U(1) gauge theory. We also discuss the weak gravity bounds on their commutative counterparts. For example, our result on 4 dimensional noncommutative U(1) gauge theory reduces in certain limit to its commutative counterpart suggested by Arkani-Hamed et.al at least at tree-level.Comment: 9 page