Dietary Klebsormidium sp. Supplementation Improves Growth Performance, Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Status, Metabolism, and Mid-Intestine Morphology of Litopenaeus Vannamei

Filamentous microalga Klebsormidium sp. has huge potential to become a natural and healthy additive in aquatic feed since it contains various bioactive nutrients, such as linoleic acid (LA), carotenoids, and chlorophylls. Therefore, an eight-week feeding experiment was performed to evaluate the effects of dietary Klebsormidium sp. on the growth performance, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory status, metabolism, and mid-intestine morphology of Litopenaeus vannamei. Two isonitrogenous and isolipid diets supplemented with and without 5% Klebsormidium sp. were prepared. Results showed that L. vannamei fed with Klebsormidium sp. had better growth performance and feed utilization by optimizing mid-intestine morphology and improving the carbohydrate metabolism. In addition, Klebsormidium sp. also enhanced the antioxidant capacity of L. vannamei by downregulating antioxidant parameters (hepatopancreas T-SOD, hepatopancreas GSH-PX, hemolymph T-SOD, hemolymph MDA) and RNA expression levels of antioxidant genes (gsh-px and cat). Furthermore, the supplementations of dietary Klebsormidium sp. significantly improved hepatopancreas health by downregulating RNA expression levels of pro-inflammatory related genes (relish and rho). Therefore, a dose of 5% Klebsormidium sp. is recommended for the daily diet of L. vannamei to improve the growth performance, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory status, metabolism, and mid-intestine morphology of shrimp.publishedVersio

A Newly Isolated Strain of Haematococcus pluvialis GXU-A23 Improves the Growth Performance, Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Status, Metabolic Capacity and Mid-intestine Morphology of Juvenile Litopenaeus vannamei

Haematococcus pluvialis can be used as a green additive in aquafeeds due to it contains rich astaxanthin and polyunsaturated fatty acid. In the present study, a newly strain of H. pluvialis GXU-A23 with high concentration of astaxanthin was firstly isolated by a newly culture strategy in our laboratory. In addition, H. pluvialis GXU-A23 was applied in the Litopenaeus vannamei feed for determining whether it has positive effects on the growth performance, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory status, metabolic capacity and mid-intestine morphology of juvenile L. vannamei. Shrimp with 0.63 g approximately initial body weight were fed diets supplemented with/without 50 g/kg H. pluvialis GXU-A23. After 8 weeks feeding intervention, significantly higher growth performance of L. vannamei was obtained in the H. pluvialis GXU-A23 treatment group compared to the control group (p < 0.05). At the same time, L. vannamei fed with H. pluvialis GXU-A23 acquired significantly better antioxidant and anti-inflammatory status than the control group (p < 0.05). In addition, higher RNA expression level of hepatopancreas digestive enzyme, hepatopancreas lipid and glucose metabolic enzymes as well as better mid-intestine morphology were found in the H. pluvialis GXU-A23 treatment group than the control group (p < 0.05). These results indicated that 50 g/kg H. pluvialis GXU-A23 was suitable for the L. vannamei feed, which could improve the growth performance, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory status, metabolic capacity and mid-intestine morphology of juvenile L. vannamei.publishedVersio

Equivalent property of a half-discrete Hilbert’s inequality with parameters

Abstract By using the weight functions and the idea of introducing parameters, a half-discrete Hilbert inequality with a nonhomogeneous kernel and its equivalent form are given. The equivalent statements of the constant factor are best possible related to parameters, and some particular cases are considered. The cases of a homogeneous kernel are also deduced

The TXA2R rs1131882, P2Y1 rs1371097 and GPIIIa rs2317676 three-loci interactions may increase the risk of carotid stenosis in patients with ischemic stroke

Abstract Background The genetic risk factors for carotid stenosis are not fully understood. The aim of this study is to investigate the relationship between variants in platelet activation-relevant genes and carotid stenosis in patients with ischemic stroke (IS). Methods Eleven variants of platelet activation-relevant genes, aggregates of platelet-leukocyte, and platelet aggregation were examined in 236 IS patients with carotid stenosis and 378 patients without carotid stenosis. High-resolution B-mode ultrasound was used to assess carotid stenosis. Generalized multifactor dimensionality reduction (GMDR) methods were applied in analyzing gene-gene interactions to determine whether there was any interactive role of assessed variants in affecting risk of carotid stenosis. Results Platelet aggregation and aggregates of platelet-leukocyte showed higher value in patients with carotid stenosis, compared with patients without carotid stenosis. Excluding potential disturbance variables, these 11 variants were not associated with carotid stenosis. However, according to the GMDR analysis, gene-gene interactions among TXA2R rs1131882, P2Y1 rs1371097 and GPIIIa rs2317676 had a synergistic influence on carotid stenosis. The high-risk interactions between the three variants showed a relationship with higher platelet activation, and have independent associations with risk of carotid stenosis (OR = 2.72, 95% CI: 1.28–7.82, P = 0.001). Conclusion The interactions among rs1131882, rs1371097 and rs2317676 perhaps increase the risk of symptomatic carotid stenosis, and maybe a potential marker for carotid stenosis. In this study, the combinatorial analysis made good use in elucidating complex risk factors in the heredity of carotid stenosis

Docosapentaenoic Acid (DPA, 22:5<i>n</i>-3) Alleviates Ulcerative Colitis via Modification of Gut Microbiota and Their Metabolism

N-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (n-3PUFA) are regarded as viable alternatives to aid the treatment of ulcerative colitis (UC). Most research focuses on eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) or docosahexaenoic acid (DHA); little information is available about the effect of docosapentaenoic acid (DPA) on the gut microbiota and their metabolism in UC mice. In this study, the changes in gut microbiota and their metabolism in UC mice were studied through the 16S rRNA sequencing method and untargeted metabolomics. Moreover, the differential bacterial genus and differential metabolites in responding to DPA supplementation were screened through permutation test after orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). The results indicated that DPA supplementation increased the diversity and altered the composition of the gut microbiota in UC mice; Akkermansia, Alistipes, Butyricicoccus, and Lactobacillus were selected as the differential bacterial genus. Supplementation of DPA also altered the fecal metabolite profile in the UC mice. Moreover, butyrate, N-carbamylglutamate (NCG), and histamine were screened as the differential metabolites. In conclusion, the regulation effect of DPA on the gut microbiota and their metabolism might be involved in the intervention mechanism of DPA in UC. More research needs to be carried out to elucidate the mechanism systematically

Comparison of airflow characteristics after Draf III frontal sinus surgery and normal person by numerical simulation

Draf III frontal sinus surgery is confirmed as an effective surgical treatment for refractory sinusitis and frontal sinus tumors, etc. Although it has been reported to improve symptoms and reduce the recurrence rate of polyps significantly, the study of airflow characteristics in frontal sinus after Draf III is still rare, especially compared with normal person. This study was designed to describe the airflow characteristics of frontal sinus after Draf III procedure and differences compared with normal subject. One patient with refractory sinusitis received Draf III procedure15 months ago, and one normal person were selected retrospectively. The two subjects reported no discomfort and no abnormalities in their paranasal sinus within computed tomography scans. Computational fluid dynamics and numerical simulation calculation was performed with the finite volume method. The quantitative indexes of airflow in the frontal sinus of Draf III and normal subjects were achieved. Areas of relatively high-pressure and high wall shear stress located in a posterior part of frontal sinus ostium in both models. Inside frontal sinus, pressure and velocity of flow between Draf III and normal models were statistically significant differences (p < 0.01) after analyzed by Mann-Whitney U test. But airflow pattern of each section in frontal sinus was basically the same. Draf III sinus surgery is able to achieve nasal airflow patterns similar to those of normal person. Although values of airflow pressure and velocity were different from normal person, patients could have no subjective discomfort after surgery. "Frontal T" structure is a key anatomical site interacted with airflow to be an important cause of postoperative edema after Draf III procedure