Spectrophotometric determinationof trace nitrite with a novel self-coupling diazotizing reagent: J-acid

A simple and sensitive method for the spectrophotometric determination of nitrite was described and optimum reaction conditions along with other important analytical parameters were established. In the presence of potassium bromide at 25°C, nitrite reacted with J-acid in hydrochloric acid producing diazonium salt and then coupled with excess J-acid in the sodium carbonate solution yielding red colored azo compounds. At wavelength of 500 nm, Beer’s law was obeyed over the concentration range of 0,02 – 0,60 mg∙L⁻¹. The molar absorptivity was 3,92∙10⁴ L∙mol⁻¹∙cm⁻¹. This method was easily applied to the determination of trace nitrite in environmental water with recoveries of 9₈,7 – 101,2%

Вихретоковый анизотропный термоэлектрический первичный преобразователь лучистого потока

Представлена оригинальная конструкция первичного преобразователя лучистого потока, который может служить основой для создания приемника неселективного излучения с повышенной чувствительностью

Electric dipole moments and the search for new physics

Static electric dipole moments of nondegenerate systems probe mass scales for physics beyond the Standard Model well beyond those reached directly at high energy colliders. Discrimination between different physics models, however, requires complementary searches in atomic-molecular-and-optical, nuclear and particle physics. In this report, we discuss the current status and prospects in the near future for a compelling suite of such experiments, along with developments needed in the encompassing theoretical framework.Comment: Contribution to Snowmass 2021; updated with community edits and endorsement

Targeting Lung Cancer Stem Cells with Antipsychological Drug Thioridazine

Lung cancer stem cells are a subpopulation of cells critical for lung cancer progression, metastasis, and drug resistance. Thioridazine, a classical neurological drug, has been reported with anticancer ability. However, whether thioridazine could inhibit lung cancer stem cells has never been studied. In our current work, we used different dosage of thioridazine to test its effect on lung cancer stem cells sphere formation. The response of lung cancer stem cells to chemotherapy drug with thioridazine treatment was measured. The cell cycle distribution of lung cancer stem cells after thioridazine treatment was detected. The in vivo inhibitory effect of thioridazine was also measured. We found that thioridazine could dramatically inhibit sphere formation of lung cancer stem cells. It sensitized the LCSCs to chemotherapeutic drugs 5-FU and cisplatin. Thioridazine altered the cell cycle distribution of LCSCs and decreased the proportion of G0 phase cells in lung cancer stem cells. Thioridazine inhibited lung cancer stem cells initiated tumors growth in vivo. This study showed that thioridazine could inhibit lung cancer stem cells in vitro and in vivo. It provides a potential drug for lung cancer therapy through targeting lung cancer stem cells

Optimal Scheme to Achieve Energy Conservation in Induced Dipole Models

Induced dipole models have proven to be effective tools for simulating electronic polarization effects in biochemical processes, yet their potential has been constrained by energy conservation issue, particularly when historical data is utilized for dipole prediction. This study identifies error outliers as the primary factor causing this failure of energy conservation and proposes a comprehensive scheme to overcome this limitation. Leveraging maximum relative errors as a convergence metric, our data demonstrates that energy conservation can be upheld even when using historical information for dipole predictions. Our study introduces the multi-order extrapolation method to quicken induction iteration and optimize the use of historical data, while also developing the preconditioned conjugate gradient with local iterations to refine the iteration process and effectively remove error outliers. This scheme further incorporates a "peek" step via Jacobi under-relaxation for optimal performance. Simulation evidence suggests that our proposed scheme can achieve energy convergence akin to that of point-charge models within a limited number of iterations, thus promising significant improvements in efficiency and accuracy

Temporal Variation in Community Composition of Root Associated Endophytic Fungi and Carbon and Nitrogen Stable Isotope Abundance in Two Bletilla Species (Orchidaceae)

Mycorrhizae are an important energy source for orchids that may replace or supplement photosynthesis. Most mature orchids rely on mycorrhizae throughout their life cycles. However, little is known about temporal variation in root endophytic fungal diversity and their trophic functions throughout whole growth periods of the orchids. In this study, the community composition of root endophytic fungi and trophic relationships between root endophytic fungi and orchids were investigated in Bletilla striata and B. ochracea at different phenological stages using stable isotope natural abundance analysis combined with molecular identification analysis. We identified 467 OTUs assigned to root-associated fungal endophytes, which belonged to 25 orders in 10 phyla. Most of these OTUs were assigned to saprotroph (143 OTUs), pathotroph-saprotroph (63 OTUs) and pathotroph-saprotroph-symbiotroph (18 OTUs) using FunGuild database. Among these OTUs, about 54 OTUs could be considered as putative species of orchid mycorrhizal fungi (OMF). For both Bletilla species, significant temporal variation was observed in the diversity of root endophytic fungi. The florescence and emergence periods had higher fungal community richness of total species and endemic species than did other periods. Both Bletilla species were dominated by Agaricomycetes and Basidiomycota fungi throughout the whole year; however, their abundances varied between two Bletilla species and among phenological stages. Meanwhile, the ranges of 13C and 15N natural abundance were also highly dynamic across all growth stages of Bletilla species. Compared with the surrounding autotrophic plants, significant 13C enrichments (ε13C) were found across all phenological stages, while significant 15N enrichment in the florescence period and strong 15N depletion during the fruiting period were found for both Bletilla species. We can deduce that both Bletilla species obtained carbon from root endophytic fungi during the whole year. Additionally, the temporal varying tendency of root endophytic fungal diversity was consistent with 13C enrichments, which was also accord with the nutritional requirement of plant

Neuroblastome, résistance in vivo à l'irinotecan et voie de signalisation ALK.

Les neuroblastomes, même de haut risque répondent bien à la chimiothérapie initiale mais deviendront fréquemment résistants au traitement. Les inhibiteurs de topoisomérase I représentent un outil thérapeutique important dans la prise en charge des neuroblastomes réfractaires. Pour étudier la résistance aux inhibiteurs de topoisomérase I acquise dans un contexte thérapeutique, un modèle murin de neuroblastome résistant au CPT-11 a été développé. La chimiorésistance est connue comme un phénomène multifacoriel. Nous avons donc utilisé plusieurs approches pour mieux caractériser les mécanismes à l'origine de la résistance dans notre modèle. Une approche génomique a permis d'identifier la dérégulation de la voie de signalisation formée du récepteur ALK et de deux ligands PTN et MDK. Alors que ALK est décrit comme gène majeur de prédisposition au neuroblastome, principalement par le biais de mutations activatrices, nous avons démontré que l'activation du récepteur survenait par des mécanismes alternatifs aux mutations dans une large majorité de cas et participerait à l'initiation de la maladie. En revanche, nous n'avons pas pu prouver l'implication de ce récepteur dans la progression de la maladie ou dans sa réponse au traitement. Il semble que la régulation de ALK soit complexe et le rôle exact de ce récepteur dans la progression du neuroblastome reste à établir. En revanche, nous avons démontré l'importance du ligand MDK dans la régulation de l'expression et de l'activation de ALK ainsi que dans le contrôle de la survie des cellules neuroblastiques. Inhiber cette cytokine représente une stratégie thérapeutique intéressante, complémentaire des thérapies anti-ALK, actuellement en développement clinique dans le neuroblastome. D autre part, la caractérisation phénotypique du modèle a permis de mettre en évidence une signalisation altérée des dommages à l'ADN associée à une instabilité génétique accrue dans les tumeurs résistantes. Celles-ci présentent également une modification de progression dans le cycle cellulaire et une proportion plus importante de cellules quiescentes. Au final, ce travail a permis d'identifier différents mécanismes de résistance qui représentent des marqueurs de réponse au traitement et des cibles thérapeutiques intéressantes dans le neuroblastome.Neuroblastoma, including high-risk cases, show a good initial response to chemotherapy but will frequently become resistant to treatment. Topoisomerase I inhibitors represent an important therapeutic option for refractory neuroblastoma. To study the reisitance to topoisomerase I inhibitors acquired in a therapeutic setting, we developed in vivo a resistant model to irinotecan (CPT-11). Chemoresistance is known as a multifactorial phenomenon. We have therefore used several approaches to better characterize mechanisms leading to resistance in our model. A genomic approach enabled us to identify the deregulation of a signaling pathway, constituted with a receptor (ALK) and two lignads (PTN and MDK). While ALK is decsribed as a major neuroblastoma predisposition gene, mainly through activating mutations, we demonstrated that the activation of ALK occurs via mechanisms others than mutation in a large majority of cases. Moreover ALK activation is an important event in the initiation of the disease. However, we couldn t prouve the implication of the receptor in the progression of the disease or in its response to treatment. It seems that the regulation of ALK is complex and its precise role in the progression of neuroblastoma remains to be precisely defined. Nevertheless, we have demonstrated the importance of MDK, one of ALK ligands in the regulation of the expression and activation of ALK as well as in the control of the neuroblastoma cells survival. The inhibition of the cytokine, MDK represents an interesting therapeutic strategy, complementary to anti-ALK therapies, currently in clinical development in neuroblastoma. On another hand, the phenotypic characterization of the model, showed an alteration of the signaling of DNA damage and an increased genomic instability in the resistant tumors. Those tumors also harbor a modification in the cell cycle progression, particularly an increased proportion of quiescent cells. Finally, this work enables us to identify several resistance mechanism that represent markers of response to chemotherapy and relevant therapeutic targets in neuroblastoma.PARIS11-SCD-Bib. électronique (914719901) / SudocSudocFranceF

Food fraud: Assessing fraud vulnerability in the extra virgin olive oil supply chain

As a high value commodity on the market, extra virgin olive oil (EVOO) is a suitable target for fraudsters. To understand differences in perceived fraud vulnerability between tier groups across the EVOO supply chain and to disclose underlying factors, the perceived fraud vulnerability of 28 companies was examined using the SSAFE food fraud vulnerability assessment tool. Amongst these companies were seven olive oil producers, seven business-to-business (B2B) companies, seven food manufacturers and seven retailers. The similarities and differences in perceived fraud vulnerabilities according to group characteristics (the role, the scale and the location of the company) were evaluated. Non-parametric tests and multiple correspondence analysis were applied for data exploration. An in-depth fraud vulnerability assessment of the EVOO supply chain was provided. Eight fraud factors related to opportunities and motivations scored high in the supply chain indicating their importance as fraud drivers and enablers. Four factors related to control measures are perceived as greatest vulnerability in the EVOO supply chain. Then, the vulnerability to fraud in the EVOO supply chain across all actors is perceived as high level on average. In decreasing contribution to the overall perceived fraud vulnerability, the fraud factor categories were ranked as follow: technical opportunities, a lack of managerial controls, a lack of technical controls, economic drivers, cultural and behavioural drivers, and opportunities in time and place. Among the tier groups, the retailers and B2B companies experienced higher levels of perceived vulnerability than olive oil producers and food manufacturers due to the additional vulnerability related to the opportunities in time and place, and greatest lack of control measures. Furthermore, the perceived fraud vulnerability of the company was not only determined by the tier group, but also impacted by the scale and location of the company.</p