9,245 research outputs found
Counting similarities between tetraquark and mesonic/gluonic operators
After the study of the preclusion of exotic meson states in large- limit
QCD, combining Weinberg's opposite proposal, we get different counting orders
for a tetraquark operator to create or destroy an one-tetraquark state.
Meanwhile, by comparing tetraquark operator with the mesonic and gluonic
operators, we find that tetraquark operators are similar with mesonic and
gluonic operators in the counting. Furthermore, we find a mixing of different
kinds of operators.Comment: 4 page
Statistical properties of volatility in fractal dimension and probability distribution among six stock markets - USA, Japan, Taiwan, South Korea, Singapore, and Hong Kong
This study examines the statistical properties of volatility. Fractal dimension, probability distribution and two-point volatility correlation are used to measure and compare volatility among six different markets for the 12-year period from Jan. 1 1990 to Dec. 31 2001. New York market is found to be the strongest among the six in terms of market efficiency. Moreover, the Tokyo and Singapore markets are found to be very similar in fractal dimension and probability distribution, but different in their resistance to volatility : Tokyo has a higher ability to dissipate volatility. This phenomenon implies that the Tokyo market is more efficient than the Singapore market. The Hong Kong market is similar to the Singapore market in its ability to dissipate volatility. Meanwhile, the Taiwanese and Korean markets are the two most volatile markets among the six. Notably, the Taiwanese market is weaker than the Korean market in dissipating volatility.Volatility, fractal dimension, probability distribution.
Emotions in archetypal media content
Emotion is an intriguing and mysterious psychological phenomenon. While everyone
seems to know what it is, researchers have not yet come to consensus on its definition, and
many questions still remain unanswered. While the nature of emotion is yet to discover,
the design community has noticed is importance, and poses the challenge of how emotion
could inform design. We see the necessity to follow the state of the art in psychology and
initiate the undertaking by exploring the emotional qualities in various types of media
content. The first part of this thesis aims at constructing a theoretical framework. Recent
years have seen empirical studies suggest that emotion could be unconscious. While this is
to be further justified, scientists are motivated to reconsider current theories of emotion to
account for this phenomenon. In light of this, we integrate these studies about unconscious
emotion into our literature review. An overview from theory to practice is illustrated to
provide a reference for viewing the current states in application domains, such as affective
computing and emotional design. This review offers a holistic understanding about
emotion from various perspectives, which allow us to look for new directions in future
studies.
Based on our review, we see a promising direction by applying psychoanalysis methods
to analyze the media content as affective stimuli, and these stimuli can be evaluated
by using quantitative measures to investigate the connection between the content and the
corresponding emotions. The analysis on the media content is based on a psychoanalysis
theory¿the theory of archetypes¿proposed by Carl Jung. He argues that there exists a
universal pattern in humans¿ unconscious thoughts, which can be manifested as symbolic
content in various forms of narratives, such as myth and fairy tales. Today, this archetypal
symbolic content can be seen in modern media, particularly in movies. By applying the
Jungian approach, we analyzed the symbolic meaning in movie scenes and edit these feature
scenes into a collection of archetypal media content, which serve as the experimental
materials for later explorations.
In the second part of this thesis, we present three experimental studies that aim at determining
if archetypal media content can be differentiated based on emotional responses.
We adopted the psychoanalytical approach described earlier to collect feature scenes in
movies as archetypal media content. Meanwhile, affective stimuli of explicit emotions are
also included as benchmarks for comparison, such as sadness and joy. Self-reports and
physiological signals are both adopted for measuring emotional responses. These three
studies follow similar experimental design: presenting stimuli and measuring emotion
concurrently. The results of these studies confirm that emotions induced by archetypal
content are different from explicit emotions, and the statistical analysis further indicate
that the predictive model obtained from physiological signals outperforms the model generated
from self-reports while viewing archetypal media content. These results, however,
are opposite to the results gained from affective stimuli of explicit emotions, leading us
to the conclusion that archetypal media content might induce unconscious emotions, and
physiological signals are more effective than self-reports for recognizing emotions induced
by archetypal media content.La emoción es un fenómeno psicológico intrigante y misterioso. Aunque todo el mundo parece saber lo que es, los investigadores aún no han llegado a un consenso sobre su definición, y todavÃa quedan muchas preguntas sin respuesta. Si bien la naturaleza de las emociones está aún por descubrir, la comunidad de profesionales del diseño ha entendido su importancia, y se plantea el desafÃo de interrelacionar ambos mundos, explorando de las cualidades emocionales en diversos tipos de contenido en medios de comunicación. La primera parte de esta tesis tiene como objetivo la construcción de un marco teórico. Recientemente se han realizado estudios empÃricos que sugieren que las emociones puede ser inconscientes. Si bien esto debe justificarse mejor, los cientÃficos están motivados a reconsiderar las teorÃas actuales de la emoción para explicar este fenómeno. En vista de ello, integramos estos estudios sobre las emociones inconscientes en nuestra revisión de referencias bibliográficas incluyendo dominios de aplicación recientes, tales como la Computación Afectiva y el Diseño Emocional. Una dirección prometedora de investigación se basa en la aplicación de métodos del psicoanálisis para analizar contenidos multimedia como estÃmulos afectivos, y estos estÃmulos pueden ser evaluados mediante el uso de medidas cuantitativas para investigar la conexión entre el contenido y las emociones correspondientes. Este análisis se basa en la teorÃa de los arquetipos propuesto por el psicólogo Carl Jung. El autor sostiene que existe una patrón universal en los pensamientos inconscientes de los personas, que puede manifestarse como un sÃmbolo contenido en las diversas formas de narrativas, como en los mitos y los cuentos de hadas. Hoy en dÃa, estos arquetipos de contenido simbólico se puede ver frecuentemente en los contenidos multimedia modernos, sobre todo en las pelÃculas. Mediante la aplicación del enfoque de Jung, analizamos el significado simbólico en escenas de pelÃculas seleccionando las correspondientes a diversos arquetipos, que servirá como material experimental para exploraciones posteriores. En la segunda parte de esta tesis, se presentan tres estudios experimentales que apuntan a determinar si el contenido multimedia arquetÃpico puede diferenciarse en base a respuestas emocionales. Con el enfoque psicoanalÃtico descrito anteriormente para los arquetipos, también se incluye los estÃmulos afectivos de emociones explÃcitas son como puntos de referencia para la comparación, como la tristeza y la alegrÃa. Se realizan auto-informes y se miden señales fisiológicas para la determinación de las respuestas emocionales en todos los experimentos realizados. Los resultados de estos estudios confirman que las emociones inducidas por arquetipos son diferentes de las emociones explÃcitas, y el análisis estadÃstico indica además que el modelo predictivo obtenido a partir de señales fisiológicas supera el modelo generado por los auto-informes durante la visualización de contenidos multimedia arquetÃpicos. Estos resultados, sin embargo, son opuestos a los resultados obtenidos a partir de los estÃmulos afectivos de emociones explÃcitas, llevándonos a la conclusión de que los contenidos de los medios arquetÃpicos podrÃa inducir emociones inconscientes, y que las señales fisiológicas son más eficaces que los auto informes para el reconocimiento de las emociones inducidas por el contenido de medios arquetÃpico. En la tercera parte de esta tesis, exploramos cómo los contenidos arquetÃpicos podrÃan utilizarse para diseñar contenido multimedia mediante "mood boards". Se realizaron dos estudios con diseñadores para responder a la pregunta de investigación de si es posible generar contenido emocionalmente rico a través de la generación automática de contenido arquetÃpico por "mood boards" en comparación con el contenido multimedia no arquetÃpico
Phase Distribution and Phase Correlation of Financial Time Series
Scaling, phase distribution and phase correlation of financial time series are investigated based on the Dow Jones Industry Average (DJIA) and NASDAQ 10-minute intraday data for a period from Aug. 1 1997 to Dec. 31 2003. The returns of the two indices are shown to have nice scaling behaviors and belong to stable distributions according to the criterion of Levy's alpha stable distribution condition. A novel approach catching characteristic features of financial time series based on the concept of instantaneous phase is further proposed to study phase distribution and correlation. The analysis of phase distribution concludes return time series fall into a class which is different from other non-stationary time series. The correlation between returns of the two indices probed by the distribution of phase difference indicates there was a remarkable change of trading activities after the event of 911 attack, and this change persisted in later trading activities.Phase Distribution, High Frequency Data, Scaling Analysis, Levy Distribution, Stock Market, Frequency Variant
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