Monomial Hopf Algebras

Let $K$ be a field of characteristic 0 containing all roots of unity. We classify all the Hopf structures on monomial $K$-coalgebras, or, in dual version, on monomial $K$-algebras.Comment: 24 page

The ρ\rho-meson longitudinal leading-twist distribution amplitude

In the present paper, we suggest a convenient model for the vector $\rho$-meson longitudinal leading-twist distribution amplitude $\phi_{2;\rho}^\|$, whose distribution is controlled by a single parameter $B^\|_{2;\rho}$. By choosing proper chiral current in the correlator, we obtain new light-cone sum rules (LCSR) for the $B\to\rho$ TFFs $A_1$, $A_2$ and $V$, in which the $\delta^1$-order $\phi_{2;\rho}^\|$ provides dominant contributions. Then we make a detailed discussion on the $\phi_{2;\rho}^\|$ properties via those $B\to\rho$ TFFs. A proper choice of $B^\|_{2;\rho}$ can make all the TFFs agree with the lattice QCD predictions. A prediction of $|V_{\rm ub}|$ has also been presented by using the extrapolated TFFs, which indicates that a larger $B^{\|}_{2;\rho}$ leads to a larger $|V_{\rm ub}|$. To compare with the BABAR data on $|V_{\rm ub}|$, the longitudinal leading-twist DA $\phi_{2;\rho}^\|$ prefers a doubly-humped behavior.Comment: 7 pages, 3 figures. Discussions improved and references updated. To be published in Phys.Lett.

Scanning tunneling microscopy and spectroscopy of nanoscale twisted bilayer graphene

Nanoscale twisted bilayer graphene (TBG) is quite instable and will change its structure to Bernal (or AB-stacking) bilayer with a much lower energy. Therefore, the lack of nanoscale TBG makes its electronic properties not accessible in experiment up to now. In this work, a special confined TBG is obtained in the overlaid area of two continuous misoriented graphene sheets. The width of the confined region of the TBG changes gradually from about 22 nm to 0 nm. By using scanning tunnelling microscopy, we studied carefully the structure and the electronic properties of the nanoscale TBG. Our results indicate that the low-energy electronic properties, including twist-induced van Hove singularities (VHSs) and spatial modulation of local density-of-state, are strongly affected by the translational symmetry breaking of the nanoscale TBG. Whereas, the electronic properties above the energy of the VHSs are almost not influenced by the quantum confinement even when the width of the TBG is reduced to only a single moire spot.Comment: 4 Figure

A chalcone derivative reactivates latent HIV-1 transcription through activating P-TEFb and promoting Tat-SEC interaction on viral promoter.

The principal barrier to the eradication of HIV/AIDS is the existence of latent viral reservoirs. One strategy to overcome this barrier is to use latency-reversing agents (LRAs) to reactivate the latent proviruses, which can then be eliminated by effective anti-retroviral therapy. Although a number of LRAs have been found to reactivate latent HIV, they have not been used clinically due to high toxicity and poor efficacy. In this study, we report the identification of a chalcone analogue called Amt-87 that can significantly reactivate the transcription of latent HIV provirses and act synergistically with known LRAs such as prostratin and JQ1 to reverse latency. Amt-87 works by activating the human transcriptional elongation factor P-TEFb, a CDK9-cyclin T1 heterodimer that is part of the super elongation complex (SEC) used by the viral encoded Tat protein to activate HIV transcription. Amt-87 does so by promoting the phosphorylation of CDK9 at the T-loop, liberating P-TEFb from the inactive 7SK snRNP, and inducing the formation of the Tat-SEC complex at the viral promoter. Together, our data reveal chalcones as a promising category of compounds that should be further explored to identify effective LRAs for targeted reversal of HIV latency

CR3 and Dectin-1 Collaborate in Macrophage Cytokine Response through Association on Lipid Rafts and Activation of Syk-JNK-AP-1 Pathway

Copyright: © 2015 Huang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited Acknowledgments We are grateful to the Second Core Laboratory of Research Core Facility at the National Taiwan University Hospital for confocal microscopy service and providing ultracentrifuge. We thank Dr. William E. Goldman (University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC) for kindly providing WT and ags1-null mutant of H. capsulatum G186A. Funding: This work is supported by research grants 101-2320-B-002-030-MY3 from the Ministry of Science and Technology (http://www.most.gov.tw) and AS-101-TP-B06-3 from Academia Sinica (http://www.sinica.edu.tw) to BAWH. GDB is funded by research grant 102705 from Welcome Trust (http://www.wellcome.ac.uk). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.Peer reviewedPublisher PD