The Complex Energy Method Applied to the Nd Scattering with a Model Three-Body Force

Using the complex energy method, the problem of nucleon-deuteron scattering is solved with a simple three-body force having a separable form. Our results are compared with the results of modern direct two-variable calculations and a good agreement is found. This forms a firm base for other applications of the complex energy method.Comment: 6pages, 3figure

Task Force on Political Science, Electoral Rules, and Democratic Governance

Electoral rules help to make democracy work. Small variations in them influence the type of democracy that develops. The field of political science has defined the study of why and how this happens. Political scientists have contributed to the world of electoral systems as scientists and as engineers. Taking stock of recent scientific research, this report shows that context modifies the effects of electoral rules on political outcomes in specific and systematic ways. It explores how electoral rules shape party systems, the inclusion of women and minorities, the depth and nature of political competition, and patterns of redistribution and regulation. It considers institutional innovations that could promote political equality. Finally, the report describes the diverse ways that political scientists are producing an impact on the world by sharing and applying their knowledge of the consequences of electoral rules and global trends in reform

ミズクラゲ・アカクラゲ・ユウレイクラゲ(刺胞動物門:鉢クラゲ綱:旗口クラゲ目)の無性生殖の比較研究,特にポドシストの役割について

広島大学(Hiroshima University)博士(学術)Doctor of Philosophydoctora

Inland fisheries resource enhancement and conservation practices in Myanmar

Myanmar has impressive freshwater capture fisheries. Inland freshwater bodies cover 8.1 million ha of which 1.3 million ha are permanent while the rest are seasonally inundated floodplains. There are repeated references to the crucial importance of fish and fish products in the nutrition of the Myanmar people. Over the past few decades, inland fisheries resources have increased pressure from overfishing, use of destructive fishing gear/methods, pollution and environment changes. In order to make a sustainable inland capture fisheries and conservation of aquatic biodiversity as well as nutritional security and improved rural livelihoods, fisheries resource enhancement and conservation measures have long been adopted in Myanmar since 1967, initiated through a seed replenishment program in natural waters, such rivers, lake, dams, even rice fields, etc. However, the institutional, policy, legislative and financial environments under which enhancement and capture fisheries regimes exist are not conducive to the interests of the fishers. Strong tools for valuation of ecosystem goods and services, enabling governance arrangements and estimation of environmental flows are needed. Fishing communities need to be organized into strong co-management/participatory/community regimes in order to ensure that all stakeholders take part in decision-making process and the benefits accrued are shared equitably by all

FORECASTING CLIMATE AND LAND USE CHANGE IMPACTS ON ECOSYSTEM SERVICES IN HAWAIʻI THROUGH INTEGRATION OF HYDROLOGICAL AND PARTICIPATORY MODELS

Ph.D. Thesis. University of Hawaiʻi at Mānoa 2018

Epidemiology And Morphology Of Lungworm (Dictyocaulus Viviparus), And Its Associated Lung Pathology In Cattle And Buffaloes In Peninsular Malaysia

Bovine dictyocaulosis is an important parasitic disease of cattle and buffaloes and is caused by the lungworm, Dictyocaulus viviparus. The parasite is an important cause of lung infection especially in the temperate regions of the world. While the documentation on bovine lungworm is vast in the temperate, it is very sporadic and limited in the tropics. In Malaysia, a tropical country, the occurrence of lungworm infections in cattle and buffaloes has been anecdotal. The present study was carried out to detect the presence of lungworm infections in cattle and buffaloes, to determine the prevalence of lungworm infection in cattle and buffaloes, to identify the risk factors associated with bovine lungworm infection, to compare the morphology of egg, first stage larvae (L1) and adult stage of Malaysian bovine lungworm with those of D. viviparus from published reports and Sweden and to compare the histopathological lesions of lungs infected with Malaysian bovine lungworm and those of lungs infected with D. viviparus.A retrospective examination of available records and data was carried out to investigate the presence of lungworm infections in Peninsular Malaysia. Two studies were carried out to address the objective. In the first study, an investigation on lungworm disease outbreak in a beef breeding farm was conducted. It was found that the yearly lungworm-infection mortality rate within the seven-year period was 0.31%. Among the cases, more than half (67%) were male and 33% were females. Seventy-five percent of lungworm infection deaths occurred in calves between the ages of six and 12 months, and 25% occurred in cattle aged 12 to 19 months. Most of the deaths occurred in November (19%) and May (17%). In the second study, data of condemnation of lungs and reasons of condemnation between 1998 and 2004 was collected at the Department of Veterinary Services Headquarters in Kuala Lumpur. Parasitic lung condemnation from all slaughtered animals was 0.11%. The prevalence of parasitic infection in the lungs was found much higher in buffaloes than in cattle (t = -3.906, p = 0.002). A cross-sectional study was carried out in four large scale farms (Farms A, B, C and D) and three dairy smallholdings (Farm E) to detect and determine the prevalence of lungworm infection and to identify the risk factors. Blood and faecal sampling on each farm, except Farm E, was performed every two months for a period of seven months. Farm E was sampled only once. Questionnaires on individual animals, farm management and disease occurrence were developed and the data were collected at the time of blood and faecal sampling. Meteorological data was collected from the Climate Division, Malaysian Meteorological Service. The total blood and faecal samples collected from the farms were 602. Baermannisation was performed for parasitological diagnosis and enzyme-link-immunosorbent assay was conducted for serodiagnosis. The prevalence of lungworm infection based on baermannisation was 4.7%. The highest prevalence was found in Farm E. Using binary logistic regression analysis, gender and the interaction between monthly temperature and monthly rainfall were identified as the statistically significant risk factors for bovine lungworm infection. The likelihood of lungworm infection was about four times greater when the monthly rainfall was >100 mm and the monthly temperature was >27°C to 29.1°C than when the monthly rainfall was <100 mm and when the temperature was <27°C (p = 0.002). Female animals were about 2.9 times less likely to be infected than male animals (p = 0.01). Another cross-sectional study was carried out where 11 out of 25 abattoirs in Peninsular Malaysia were visited and slaughtered animals were examined. Animals slaughtered at Universiti Putra Malaysia (UPM) mosque during festivals were also examined. Among the total of 283 lungs from 260 cattle and 23 buffaloes sampled, lungworm was found in three Kedah-Kelantan (KK) cattle (1.1%). The morphological evaluation of egg, L1 and adult worm of the Malaysian bovine lungworm were conducted by comparing with those of D. viviparus from published reports and Sweden. Histopathological lesions of infected lungs were also examined. Based on the morphology of the lungworm and the histopathological changes of the affected lungs, the Malaysian bovine lungworm is believed to be most likely D. viviparus.In conclusion, bovine lungworm infection in the Malaysian cattle and buffaloes can be detected and the prevalence is low. The disease occurrence was associated with the gender of the animals, and the climatic conditions. Based on the morphology of vi the lungworm and the histopathological changes of the affected lungs, the Malaysian bovine lungworm is believed to be D. viviparus

Modelling of Short Duration Rainfall IDF Equation for Sagaing Region, Myanmar

Changes in the hydrologic cycle due to increase in greenhouse gases cause variations in intensity, duration, and frequency of precipitation events. This study regards the development of the IDF curves for Sagaing rainfall station in Myanmar. Sagaing is a rapidly growing city in terms of population and intense urban growth, due to which ponds and lakes are continuously encroached by human activities. Daily maximum rainfall data for the year 1989 to 2018 (30 years) was collected from Department of Meteorology and Hydrology (DMH) and the empirical reduction formula was used to estimate the short duration rainfall using different probability distributions. Gumbel’s Extreme Value Distribution and Log Pearson Type III Distribution are used to forecast rainfall for various return periods. Hourly rainfall were converted for shorter duration. Then, rainfall intensity for these shorter durations were determined using empirical formula and, IDF curves for studied stations were developed. Moreover, empirical equations related with rainfall intensity and duration were also developed using least square method. The IDF curve was then plotted for short duration rainfall of 15, 30, 60, 120, 180&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; , 240, 300, 360, 420, 480, 540, 600, 660 and 720 minutes for a return period of 5, 10, 25, 50 and 100 years. The result of IDF curves and empirical equations can be used for planning and designing hydraulic structures and water resources related projects. The correlation value R for various return period has -1. It is seen in the study that equation i =x*td-y with parameter, x varying between 500 and 900 whereas the parameter y remains a constant of 0.67 is the best IDF empirical formula

Downregulation in IFNGR1 Increases Suspectiblity to Mycobacterium Avium Subspecies Paratuberculosis Infection in Crohn\u27s Disease

BACKGROUND: Crohn\u27s disease (CD) is an inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) and has been associated with Mycobacterium avium subspecies paratuberculosis (MAP). MAP has been detected in stool, tissue and blood samples from patients with CD. Gamma interferon (γ-IFN) is an inflammatory cytokine that plays a crucial role in killing intracellular pathogens like MAP, and its receptor (IFNGR1) mutations cause immunodeficiency and severe disseminated mycobacterial infections. The role of MAP in association with IFNGR1 mutation in CD patients have not been investigated. METHODS: In this study, we investigated blood samples of 79 human subjects for MAP infection in association with IFNGR1 gene dysfunction. Samples were divided into 22 CD, 6 Ulcerative colitis (UC), 32 normal healthy and 19 non-inflammatory bowel disease (NIBD). Five variants of IFNGR1 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) were investigated using Taqman Genotyping assay, then IFNGR1 expression measured by RT-PCR and serum IFNGR1 and γ-IFN levels were measured using ELISA. MAP infection was detected using nested PCR. RESULTS: Among 28 IBD patients, 4/6 (66.67%) of UC and 18/22 (81.82%) of CD are tested positive for at least one SNP homozygous minor form compared to 21.88% and 47.37%% in 32 healthy and 19 NIBD (P \u3c 0.05). IFNGR1 gene expression was downregulated 1.4-fold in IBD patients (P =0.07) and 1.7-fold downregulated in MAP positive IBD patients compared to MAP negative IBD patients (P=0.06). Serum IFNGR1 protein levels were downregulated 1.53-fold in IBD patients compared to normal, and 1.4-fold downregulated in MAP positive IBD patients compared to MAP negative IBD patients. MAP infection is more common in rs2234711 SNP positive patients (5/7 =71.42%) (P \u3c 0.05). Serum γ-IFN levels were not elevated in both groups. CONCLUSION: IFNGR1 SNP\u27s, MAP infection and IFNGR1 downregulation were found in higher incidence in IBD, suggesting role of IFNGR1 in susceptibility of MAP infection in IBD patients

Boron Removal By Reverse Osmosis Membranes

Ph.DDOCTOR OF PHILOSOPH