2,040 research outputs found
Humans perceive flicker artifacts at 500 Hz.
Humans perceive a stable average intensity image without flicker artifacts when a television or monitor updates at a sufficiently fast rate. This rate, known as the critical flicker fusion rate, has been studied for both spatially uniform lights, and spatio-temporal displays. These studies have included both stabilized and unstablized retinal images, and report the maximum observable rate as 50-90 Hz. A separate line of research has reported that fast eye movements known as saccades allow simple modulated LEDs to be observed at very high rates. Here we show that humans perceive visual flicker artifacts at rates over 500 Hz when a display includes high frequency spatial edges. This rate is many times higher than previously reported. As a result, modern display designs which use complex spatio-temporal coding need to update much faster than conventional TVs, which traditionally presented a simple sequence of natural images
State-space based mass event-history model I: many decision-making agents with one target
A dynamic decision-making system that includes a mass of indistinguishable
agents could manifest impressive heterogeneity. This kind of nonhomogeneity is
postulated to result from macroscopic behavioral tactics employed by almost all
involved agents. A State-Space Based (SSB) mass event-history model is
developed here to explore the potential existence of such macroscopic
behaviors. By imposing an unobserved internal state-space variable into the
system, each individual's event-history is made into a composition of a common
state duration and an individual specific time to action. With the common state
modeling of the macroscopic behavior, parametric statistical inferences are
derived under the current-status data structure and conditional independence
assumptions. Identifiability and computation related problems are also
addressed. From the dynamic perspectives of system-wise heterogeneity, this SSB
mass event-history model is shown to be very distinct from a random effect
model via the Principle Component Analysis (PCA) in a numerical experiment.
Real data showing the mass invasion by two species of parasitic nematode into
two species of host larvae are also analyzed. The analysis results not only are
found coherent in the context of the biology of the nematode as a parasite, but
also include new quantitative interpretations.Comment: Published in at http://dx.doi.org/10.1214/08-AOAS189 the Annals of
Applied Statistics (http://www.imstat.org/aoas/) by the Institute of
Mathematical Statistics (http://www.imstat.org
Exploiting the circuit breaker cancer evolution model in human clear cell renal cell carcinoma
The incessant interactions between susceptible humans and their respective macro/microenvironments registered throughout their lifetime result in the ultimate manifestation of individual cancers. With the average lifespan exceeding 50 years of age in humans since the beginning of 2
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