Vertical forces acting on the lock-off element of the pallet brake system

The paper presents an experimental device that was created in order to obtain the real values of the forces acting in the vertical direction on the lock-off element, the so-called brake body, the 2nd design option. The lock of this design is used in the automated parking garage, designed by KOMA-Industry. s.r.o, to lock the parked vehicles on pallets in the units of the rack parking system. The forces acting in the vertical direction on the body of the fixation lock when pushing the brake pulley into the circular recess in the brake ramp are theoretically calculated for two design variants of the brake ramp used in practice, i.e. "without" and "with" a rounded (filleted) circular recess segment in the brake ramp. The experimentally determined forces acting in the vertical direction on the brake body were determined for two types of compression coil springs with a rectangular cross section of the spring wire.Web of Science14111710

Forces generated in the parking brake of the pallet locking system

Automatic parking systems are parking structures with a computer-controlled automated vehicle loading and unloading process using sophisticated technological equipment. The paper describes a construction design for a pallet locking system, which is used to lock parking pallets with or without a vehicle, at a particular location and floor, that is, in a rack cell. This is one of the basic design concept variants of "Multi-Tower" automatic parking systems. This concept makes it possible to store cars stacked in rack cells. Cars on pallets are guided to the vertical cells of the parking system, stacked above each other on pallets, by an electric freight traction elevator. Pallets are stacked into the horizontal cells, on either or both sides, on a given floor of the parking system by means of a chain transfer device. After the pallet has been guided to a particular position, the pallet must be fixed in this position by the pallet locking system so that when the vehicle needs to be retrieved, the chain transfer device can again latch onto it and move it to the traction lift cage without any problems. The locking system also functions as a brake for the pallet carrying the parked vehicle. The paper also presents the theoretical calculations of the pallet brake, which is a crucial element of the pallet locking system of the conceptual variant of the "MULTI TOWER" automatic parking system.Web of Science13418718

Fabrication of nanostructures on graphite/graphene layers and measurement its transport properties at room temperature

Tato bakalárska práce se venuje výrobe vrstev grafitu/grafenu a merení jejich transportních vlastností. Grafenové šupinky byly nanášeny pomocí mechanického odlupování. Pro kontaktování grafenových šupinek byla využita elektronová litografie a na pozorování byly využity optická mikroskopie a mikroskopie atomárních sil. V práci jsou popsány jednotlivé kroky pro výrobu, pozorování a merení vlastností nanesených grafenových šupinek. Výsledky, problémy a rešení techto problému jsou uvedeny v experimentální práci.This bachelor thesis is dedicated to fabrication of graphite/graphene layers and measurement of their transport properties. Graphene flakes were deposited by mechanical exfoliation. For contacting graphene flakes was used electron beam lithography and were observed using optical microscopy and atomic force microscopy. The thesis describes the steps for the production, observation and measurement of deposited graphene flakes. Results, problems and solutions of these problems are given in the experimental work.

Tensile forces in lift carrier ropes exerted by the fluid pressure

DOI nefunkční (6.11.2019)This paper describes the methodology by which it is possible to compare different tensile forces that are caused by the uneven distribution of loads in carrier ropes of lifts. In order to compare the applied tensile forces in a certain number of carrier ropes, it is possible to use the device called "rope hydraulic tension compensator", when, for example, building new elevators, changing carrier ropes during renovations or servicing existing lifts. The comparison of tensile forces in lift carrier ropes by the described device is based on the method of liquid pressure diffusion in a closed vessel. The rope hydraulic tension compensator consists of a number of structural parts, the main of which are double-acting hydraulic cylinders. The number of these cylinders is equal to the number of carrier ropes of the given lift. The pressure of the hydraulic fluid, which is supplied to the inner shell of individual hydraulic cylinders, controls the length of extension of individual piston rods of the hydraulic cylinders. The position of the piston in each of the hydraulic cylinders is directly proportional to the length of the extended piston rod, which corresponds to compression of the cylindrical coiled spring, above which the respective hydraulic cylinder is located. Different compressions of individual cylindrical springs exert different magnitude of tensile forces in suspension eye-bolts, into whose longitudinal axes the total load size is distributed unevenly. The paper also describes the description and hydraulic circuit diagram of a hydraulic power unit, which is used to control the piston positions of two-way hydraulic cylinders.Web of Science133373

Quantification of Hydraulic Descaling Mechanisms

Problematika odstraňování okují je významnou součástí při tváření a tepelném zpracování oceli a ocelových polotovarů. Získáváním nových informací a studiem tohoto procesu je možné zvýšit efektivitu a zlepšit kvalitu povrchů po odokujení. Tato práce je zaměřená na kvantifikaci mechanizmů vysokotlakého hydraulického odstraňování okují a studium samotných chemických sloučenin, ze kterých jsou okuje složeny. K dosažení všech stanovených cílů práce a pro získání komplexního pohledu na odstraňování okují bylo použito několik experimentálních měření a výpočtových analýz. Všechna experimentální měření byla zaměřena na získání dat o zásadních vlivech a parametrech při hydraulickém odstraňování okují. Data získaná z provedených měření byla aplikována pro výpočtové analýzy, které měly za cíl odhalit hlubší souvislosti a potvrdit tak experimentální výsledky. Tuto práci je možné rozdělit na dvě základní části. První část je věnována studiu jednotlivých parametrů hydraulického paprsku. Mezi zkoumanými parametry vysokotlakého vodního paprsku byl součinitel přestupu tepla, impaktní tlak při různých režimech standardního nebo pulzujícího vodního paprsku. Experimentálně změřená data těchto parametrů byla použita pro výpočtové analýzy, které byly zaměřeny na vliv parametrů vodního paprsku na napjatost ve vrstvě okují. Další analýza vodního paprsku byla zaměřena na vliv jednotlivých částí hydraulické soustavy (jako jsou, rozvodní kolektor nebo stabilizátor) na její charakteristiky. Byly zkoumány různé typy kolektorů v kombinaci s různými druhy stabilizátorů a jejich vliv na hodnoty impaktního tlaku. Toto studium bylo podpořeno výpočtovou analýzou proudění uvnitř hydraulické soustavy. Další část této práce byla zaměřena na získání mechanických vlastností okují připravených na vzorcích z běžné konstrukční oceli a na vzorcích připravených z oceli s vyšším obsahem křemíku. Vliv jednotlivých parametrů a charakteristik byl v této práci zkoumán právě na těchto dvou typech oceli. Analýza mechanických vlastností okují byla prováděna pomocí metody tzv. protlačování malých vzorků („Small Punch Test“). Pro získání základních mechanických vlastností jako modul pružnosti, mez kluzu či mez pevnosti byla provedena optimalizace materiálových parametrů na základě změřených dat. Celá tato práce byla prováděna s cílem získat hodnotné a ucelené výsledky o vysokotlakém hydraulickém odstraňování okují a ovlivňujících faktorech i o samotných okujích.The issue of descaling is an important part of the forging and heat treatment of steel and semi products of steel production. Rising of new information and study of this process can increase efficiency and improve the surface quality after descaling. This thesis is focused on the mechanisms of the high pressure hydraulic descaling qualification and study of the chemical compounds of which the scales grown. To achieve all goals of this work and to get a comprehensive view of descaling process, few experimental measurements and numerical analyses were performed. All experimental measurements were focused on obtaining data about fundamental parameters and effects of the hydraulic descaling. The data obtained from measurements were applied to numerical analyses, which aimed to discover a deeper relation and to confirm the experimental results. This thesis can be divided into two main parts. The first part is devoted to parameters of the water jet study. The main studied characteristics of the high pressure hydraulic water jet were heat transfer coefficient and impact pressure at different modes such as standard or pulsating water jet. Experimentally measured data of these parameters were applied in numerical analyses. The numerical analyses were focused on studying the impact of the water jet parameters on the stresses in the oxide scale layers. A further water jet analysis was focused on the influence of the individual parts of the hydraulic system (such as water chamber or stabilizer) on its characteristics. In this part different types of the water chambers in combination with different types of stabilizers on the impact pressure values were investigated. These measurements were supported by fluid flow analysis through the hydraulic system. The second part of this work was focused on getting mechanical properties of the oxide scales from specimens prepared from standard structural steel and specimens from silicon steel. In this thesis, the influence of various parameters and characteristics was studied on these two types of steel. Mechanical properties of oxide scale structures were carried out by the Small Punch Test method. To obtain the fundamental mechanical properties such as Young´s modulus, yield strength and ultimate strength, material parameters based on the measured data were optimized. The whole work was carried out in order to get valuable and comprehensive results about high pressure hydraulic descaling process and influencing factors as well as about oxide scales themselves.

Preparation and Utilization of Exfoliated Graphite/Graphene Layers in Nanosensorics

Tato diplomová práce se věnuje výrobě vrstev grafitu/grafenu a meření jejich transportních vlastností v závislosti na relativní vlhkosti. Grafenové šupinky byly nanášeny pomocí mechanického odlupování . Pro kontaktování grafenových šupinek byla využita elektronová litografie a na pozorování byly využity optická mikroskopie, mikroskopie atomárních sil a elektronová mikroskopie. V práci jsou popsány jednotlivé kroky výroby, analýzy a měření transportních vlastností nanesených grafenových šupinek.This diploma thesis deals with the fabrication of graphite/graphene layers and measurement of their transport properties as a function of relative humidity. Graphene flakes were deposited by mechanical exfoliation. For contacting the graphene flakes the electron beam lithography was used. Additional characterization was performed by optical microscopy, atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. The thesis describes the steps for the production, observation and characterization of the deposited graphene flakes

Simulation-expertise analysis of ropes used in the horizontal belaying system

This article deals with a dynamic simulation of the movement and fall of persons working at a height, using the rope belaying system. The input data, which are necessary for a created simulation model, were obtained from experimental measurements realised from the concrete belaying system. The simulation analyses were performed for three different values of the rope pre-load level. Consequently, the outputs from the simulations presented in this article were applied in a real design proposal of the rope anchoring arrangement for a horizontal belaying system.Web of Science103675

Research and development of laser engraving and material cutting machine from 3D printer

This article deals with the adjustment of a 3D printer for laser engraving and material cutting. The print head can be fitted with a solid laser diode module, which achieves a compact size while retaining its useful power. Two paths lead to the use of such a concept. It is possible to equip the existing print head with a module, which also brings a number of disadvantages such as, for example, the reduction of the printing space or the need for a suitable mounting design. A more elegant solution is to consider this in the design of a 3D printer and design a system to exchange the print heads for 3D printing and laser engraving. Such a solution allows full utilization of the workspace and simple installation of the effector for the required type of work. According to the installed power of the laser diode, it is possible not only to engrave but also cut material such as thin wood, veneer or acrylic glass. The use of such a machine is not only for graphic elements but for the creation of various stencils, boxes or simple models, which can be made up of plastic-burning pieces. The laser module is controlled by a driver, which is designed for the device. This is connected to a 3D printer control board. It is, therefore, necessary for the control board to have at least two pins, which can be controlled after adjusting the control firmware. Most laser modules are normally equipped with an adjustable lens, which is used to concentrate the focus of a laser for the given distance against the worktop. Thus, the modified 3D printer can perform its function as a multi-purpose CNC machine, while a basic platform similar for both devices is used.Web of Science281524

Enthalpy Probe Diagnostics of Steam/Argon Plasma Jet

DC plasma torch with argon/water stabilization features extreme properties of the exiting plasma jet. The plasma mass flow rate is very low while the temperature reaches very high values. Plasma properties were measured by enthalpy probe connected to a mass spectrometer. The measurements of enthalpy, temperature, density and dynamic pressure were carried out for three different arc currents and at atmos-pheric pressure. The dependences of plasma characteristics on arc current were shown